英语语法省略

英语语法省略一，在由and连接的句子中，为避免重复常省略一些重复的词或词组。1.省略共同的主语或宾语。Mr.Smithpickedupacoinintheroadand(Mr.Smith)handedittoapoliceman.2.若主语不同而谓语助动词，情态动词相同，则省略后面的助动词或情态动词。JackmusthavebeenplayingfootballandMary(musthavebeen)doingherhomework.3.若主语与谓语动词相同，则省略后面的主谓成分。Hisadvicemademehappy,but(hisadvicemade)Jimangry.4.若主语不同，但主要动词及后续部分相同，则省略主要动词及后续部分。Iwasborninwinterin1988andBob(wasborninwinter)in1989.5.省略重复的介词，连词及后续部分。Hewaslatebecausehehadoversleptand(becausehehad)missedthetrain.二，状语从句的省略。1.在when,while,whenever,till,assoonas,if,unless,asif,though,as,whether等引导的状语从句中，若谓语有be,而主语又跟主句主语相同或是it时，则从句的主语和be常被省略。As(hewas)young,hewasastore-keeper.Hisopinion,whether(itis)rightorwrong,wouldbeconsidered.2.在as,than,however,whatever,nomatterwhat等引导的从句中常省略某些成分。Anyone,nomatterwho(heis),maypointoutourshortcomings.Icanonlydoitthewayas(Iwas)toldto(doitthatway).3.虚拟条件句常省略if,将were,had,should提前构成部分倒装。Shouldtherebeaflood=(Ifthereshouldbeaflood),whatshouldwedo?4.有些状语从句置于句末，可作句尾省略，有时可省略整个从句。Johnwillgothereifmybrotherwill(go).Iwouldhavecomeyesterday(ifIhadwantedto).三，定语从句和名词性从句中的省略。1.在限定性定语从句中，作宾语用的关系代词whom,which,that可省略；在以thesame…as和suchas引出的某些定语从句中，也可省略与主句相同部分。Thegirl(who\whom\that)theteacherspoketoisLiuYing.Idon'tlikesuchbooksasthis(is).2.定语从句中的'主语+系动词be'可以省略。Thegoods(whichwere)orderedlastmonthhaven'tarrivedyet.3.在know,think,consider,suppose,find,believe,say,decide等动词后面所接的宾语从句中，连词that可以省略；若带有多个宾语从句，只有第一个that可省略，其余的则不能。Ithink(that)itwillclearup(转晴)thisafternoon.Hesaid(that)thetextwasveryimportantandthatweshouldlearnitbyheart.4.由which,when,where,how和why引导的宾语从句，可全部或部分省略。Hewillcomeback,buthedoesn’tknowwhen(hewillcomeback).5.在与suggest,request,order,advise等词相关的名词性从句中，须用虚拟语气形式'should+动词原形'，should可省略。Theofficerorderedthathismen(should)fire.Itissuggestedthatwe(should)gotoseethefilm.四，复合句中特殊的省略现象。1.主句省略多用于句首，在答句中，主句或者一些成分可全部省略。(Itisa)PitythatIdidn'tgotoMary’sbirthdaypartyyesterday.2.省略一个从句或从句的一部分，可用so或not代替。1)--Shemaynotbefreetoday.--Ifso(so=sheisnotfreetoday),wewillhavetoreportthemanager.2)--Ishefeelingbettertoday?--I'mafraidnot(not=heisn'tfeelingbettertoday).五，动词不定式省略，只保留to的场合。1.不定式作某些动词的宾语时，常见意愿动词如like,love,care,hope,wish,expect,afford,forget,prefer,refuse,mean,try,oblige（强迫）,advice,persuade,agree,want,remember,manage等。Youcandoitthiswayifyoucareto.--Youshouldhavethankedherbeforeyouleft.--Imeanto,butwhenIwasleavingIcouldn’tfindheranywhere.2.不定式在句中作某些动词后的宾补或主补时，常见的有ask,tell,advise,force,persuade,wish,allow,permit等。Shewantstocomebutherparentswon'tallowto.3.不定式在句中作某些形容词的状语时，常见形容词如happy,glad,eager,anxious,willing,ready等。Ithinksheshouldgetajob,butyoucan'tforcehertoifshe'snotreadyto--I'llbeawayonabusinesstrip.Couldyoumindlookingaftermycat?--Notatall.I'dbehappyto.4.不定式作某些复合谓语时，常见结构如beableto,begoingto,haveto,oughtto,usedto等。Hedoesn'tlikefishbutheusedto.注意,当省略的内容是作动词用的have或be的任何形式时,to后面保留原形have或be.Hedidn'tcome,butheoughttohave.Aliceisnotwhatsheusedtobe.六，动词不定式符号to的省略。1.主语部分有todo,系动词是is或was时，作表语的不定式通常省略to.Theonlythingyouhavetodois(to)pressthebutton.2.作介词but,except,besides的宾语时，前面有实义动词do时，常省略不定式符号to.Tomhadnothingtodobesidesanswerbettersthismorning.3.当两个或多个不定式并列时，其后的不定式符号可省略，但有对比关系时则不省略。Itiseasiertomakeaplanthantocarryitout.4.在see,watch,notice,hear,listento,lookat,feel,havemake,let,leave,observe等词后作宾语补足语时，省略不定式符号to；Why(not)do结构中不定式不带to.Didyounoticeherentertheroom?Whynotjoinus?七，介词的省略。1.一些常和动名词、形容词一起搭配的介词常省略，而保留其后的动名词，常见的句型有spend/wastetime(in)doing,losenotime(in)doing,havedifficult/trouble(in)doing,bebusy(in)doing,stop/preventsb.(from)doing等。Theheavyrainpreventedhim(from)arrivingthereontime.Shelostnotime(in)givingthepatientfirstaid.2.表示时间的介词at,on和in用在next,last,this,these,yesterday,tomorrow,one,any,every,each,some,all等词之前，一般皆省略，表示一段时间状语之前的for也可省略。WegotoschooleverydayexceptSunday.Wehavebeenhere(for)threeweeks.(否定句中不能省略for).3.表示行为方式的in在inthisway,inthesameway,inanotherway等词组中，经常被省略。Hedidit(in)thisway.八，会话中的省略。省略在会话中应用广泛，无论是回答别人问题，还是在接别人说话时都会发生，否则就觉得累赘。--Doyoulikethisshirt?--Yes,(Ilikeit)verymuch.(Come)Thisway,please.--WhatdoyouthinkmadeMarysoupset?--Losingherbicycle(madehersoupset).