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1994年考研英语真题阅读理解精读笔记Text1TheAmericaneconomicsystemisorganizedaroundabasicallyprivateenterprise，marketorientedeconomyinwhichconsumerslargelydeterminewhatshallbeproducedbyspendingtheirmoneyinthemarketplaceforthosegoodsandservicesthattheywantmost.Privatebusinessmen，strivingtomakeprofits，producethesegoodsandservicesincompetitionwithotherbusinessmen;andtheprofitmotive，operatingundercompetitivepressures，largelydetermineshowthesegoodsandservicesareproduced.Thus，intheAmericaneconomicsystemitisthedemandofindividualconsumers，coupledwiththedesireofbusinessmentomaximizeprofitsandthedesireofindividualstomaximizetheirincomes，thattogetherdeterminewhatshallbeproducedandhowresourcesareusedtoproduceit.Animportantfactorinamarketorientedeconomyisthemechanismbywhichconsumerdemandscanbeexpressedandrespondedtobyproducers.IntheAmericaneconomy，thismechanismisprovidedbyapricesystem，aprocessinwhichpricesriseandfallinresponsetorelativedemandsofconsumersandsuppliesofferedbysellerproducers.Iftheproductsisinshortsupplyrelativetothedemand，thepricewillbebidupandsomeconsumerswillbeeliminatedfromthemarket.If，ontheotherhand，producingmoreofacommodityresultsinreducingitscost，thiswilltendtoincreasethesupplyofferedbysellerproducers，whichinturnwilllowerthepriceandpermitmoreconsumerstobuytheproduct.Thus，priceistheregulatingmechanismintheAmericaneconomicsystem.Theimportantfactorinaprivateenterpriseeconomyisthatindividualsareallowedtoownproductiveresources(privateproperty)，andtheyarepermittedtohirelabor，gaincontrolovernaturalresources，andproducegoodsandservicesforsaleataprofit.IntheAmericaneconomy，theconceptofprivatepropertyembracesnotonlytheownershipofproductiveresourcesbutalsocertainrights，includingtherighttodeterminethepriceofaproductortomakeafreecontractwithanotherprivateindividual.51.InLine7，Paragraph1，“thedesireofindividualstomaximizetheirincomes”means.［A］Americansareneversatisfiedwiththeirincomes［B］Americanstendtooverstatetheirincomes［C］Americanswanttohavetheirincomesincreased［D］Americanswanttoincreasethepurchasingpoweroftheirincomes52.Thefirsttwosentencesinthesecondparagraphtellusthat.［A］producerscansatisfytheconsumersbymechanizedproduction［B］consumerscanexpresstheirdemandsthroughproducers［C］producersdecidethepricesofproducts［D］supplyanddemandregulateprices53.Accordingtothepassage，aprivate-enterpriseeconomyischaracterizedby.［A］privatepropertyandrightsconcerned［B］manpowerandnaturalresourcescontrol［C］ownershipofproductiveresources［D］freecontractsandprices54.Thepassageismainlyabout.［A］howAmericangoodsareproduced［B］howAmericanconsumersbuytheirgoods［C］howAmericaneconomicsystemworks［D］howAmericanbusinessmenmaketheirprofitsText1allow10/E5lau/v.允许，准许；承认；让……得到，使……得以发生bid4/bid/v.出价；投标；努力争取；n.买方的出价；投标；努力争取characterize8/5kAriktEraiz/v.表示……的特性；描述……的特性commodity6/kE5mCditi/n.商品，物品competition16/kCmpi5tiFEn/n.比赛；竞争competitive9/kEm5petitiv/a.竞争的，比赛的concept15/5kCnsept/n.概念，观念，思想concern20/kEn5sE:n/v.涉及，关系到；（常与with，about，in连用）关心，挂念；担心，担忧；n.（利害）关系；关心，挂念；担心，担忧contract4/5kCntrAkt/n.契约，合同，包工；v.缩小，缩短；订（约）economic33/7i:kE5nCmik/a.经济（上）的，经济学的economy29/i(:)5kCnEmi/n.节约；经济eliminate5/i5limineit/v.消除embrace1/im5breis/v.拥抱；包含enterprise5/5entEpraiz/n.事业，企（事）业单位；事业心，进取心express8/iks5pres/v.表达，表示；a.特快的，快速的；n.快车，快运factor13/5fAktE/n.因素，要素goods9/gudz/n.商品，货物individual23/7indi5vidjuEl/a.个人的，单独的；独特的；n.个人，个体largely12/5lB:dVli/ad.主要地，基本上；大量地，大规模地lower7/5lEuE/a.较低的，下级的，下游的；v.降下，放低mechanism6/5mekEnizEm/n.机械装置，机构；机制motive2/5mEutiv/n.动机，目的；a.发动的，运动的organize5/5C:gEnaiz/v.组织，编组orient4/5C:riEnt/n.［theO-］东方；v.定……的方位ownership5/5EunEFip/n.所有（权），所有制pressure10/5preFE(r)/n.压（力）；强制，压迫，压强；v.强制，迫使private11/5praivit/a.私人的，个人的，秘密的，私下的process40/prE5ses/n.过程，进程；工序，制作法；工艺；v.加工，处理product14/5prCdQkt/n.产品，产物；乘积；结果，后果productive5/prE5dQktiv/a.生产（性）的，能产的，多产的profit6/5prCfit/n.利润，收益，益处；v.（by，from）得利，获益；利用；有利于property7/5prCpEti/n.财产，资产，所有物；性质，特性purchase6/5pE:tFEs/v.买，购买；n.购买的物品；购买regulate4/5regjuleit/v.管制，控制；调节，校准relative6/5relEtiv/a.（to）相对的，比较的；有关系的，相关的；n.亲属，亲戚resource7/ri5sC:s/n.［pl.］资源，财力；办法，智谋；应变之才；设备respond8/ris5pCnd/v.回答，答复；（to）响应response9/ris5pCns/n.回答，回音；反应，响应result50/ri5zQlt/n.结果，成果，成绩；v.（in）导致，结果是；（from）起因于，因……而造成sentence14/5sentEns/n.句子；判决，宣判；v.宣判，判决strive5/straiv/v.奋斗，努力system35/5sistEm/n.系统，体系；制度，体制tend30/tend/v.趋向，往往是；照料，看护basically1/5beisikEli/ad.基本上，主要地businessman8/5biznismAn/n.商人consumer20/kEn5sju:mE/n.消费者mainly14/5meinli/ad.大体上，主要地manpower4/5mAnpauE/n.人力marketplace2/5mB:kit5pleis/n.集会场所，市场maximize1/5mAksmaiz/vt.最大值，最佳化mechanize1/5mekEnaiz/v.机械化overstate1/5EuvE5steit/vt.夸大，夸张producer3/prE5dju:sE/n.生产者，制作者，演出人，（电影）制片人seller4/5selE/n.售货者难句1TheAmericaneconomicsystemisorganizedaroundabasicallyprivateenterprise，marketorientedeconomyinwhichconsumerslargelydeterminewhatshallbeproducedbyspendingtheirmoneyinthemarketplaceforthosegoodsandservicesthattheywantmost.【语法分析】1．核心句为：TheAmericaneconomicsystemisorganizedarounda...economy。2．economy前面（basicallyprivateenterprise，marketoriented）为定语成分，修饰economy。3．economy后面为inwhich引导的定语从句(inwhichconsumerslargelydetermine...)，修饰先行词economy。4．此定语从句中又包含一个what引导的宾语从句（whatshallbep