声光控延时楼道灯控制电路

1吉林建筑大学电气与计算机学院数字电子技术课程设计报告设计题目：声光控延时楼道灯控制电路专业班级：自动化151学生姓名：赵鑫国学号：201512912指导教师：张立辉王亚娟设计时间：2016.12.12-2017.01.06教师评语：成绩评阅教师日期2目录第1章绪论······························································11.1············································································11.2············································································1第2章电路工作原理··················································22.1···············································································22.2···············································································22.3···············································································32.4···············································································4第3章电路设计························································53.1··············································································53.2··············································································53.3··············································································6第4章制作与安装·····················································74.1···············································································74.2···············································································84.3···············································································94.4···············································································94.5··············································································10第5章调试分析与性能测试········································115.1··············································································115.2··············································································115.3··············································································12总结·······································································13参考文献·································································14元件清单·································································151第1章绪论1.1课程设计目的声光控延时楼道灯控制电路是一种声光控电子照明装置，利用声波为控制源的新型智能开关，同时具有自动延时熄灭的功能。它避免了繁琐的人工开灯，同时具有自动延时熄灭功能，更加节能，且无机械触点、无火花、寿命长，广泛应用于各种建筑的楼梯过道、走廊等公共场所，声光控延时楼道控制电路也是一种声光控电子照明装置，它由音频放大电路、电平比较电路、延时开启电路、触发控制电路、恒压源电路和晶闸管主回路等组成。1.2设计任务音频放大电路是一种对音频信号进行放大的功率放大电路，与电压放大电路实质上都是能量转换电路，但二者所要完成的任务不同，功率放大电路主要是为负载提供一定不失真、功率大、效率高的输出功率。在设计电路时考虑到晶体管发射结正向偏置时才导通，所以选用两个性能对称的异型管，组成互补对称电路。电平比较电路，该电路的工作是类似的二进制小数转换小数。为此，电路放大信号和一个参考电压进行比较。该电路可分为若干阶段。若干阶段，可以根据需要增加或减少。每个阶段包含两个运算放大器(TL084)。(OP-AMP的左侧)是用于比较目的。其他(在右边的运算放大器)被用来作为一个固定的增益(完全2)非反相放大器。输入电压连接到每个运算放大器的非反相引脚/终端。数字输出是从比较运算放大器和运算放大器是美联储下一阶段的输入放大器的输出的输出获得。要获得一个参考电压，使用两个电阻。延时开启电路、触发控制电路、恒压源电路及晶闸管暂时不做多的解释，其主原理详情见电路图。2第2章电路工作原理2.1电路原理示意图2.2电路工作原理它是由音频放大电路、电平比较电路、延时开启电路、触发控制电路、恒压源电源电路和晶闸管主回路等组成。如下图所示的声光控延时楼道灯控制电路原理图中，CD4011为四个2输入与非门电路，其功能为有0出1，全1出0。交流电源24V经VD桥式整流和电容C2滤波获得直流电压1.2×24≈28.8V,再经限流电阻R1，使VS稳压管有VCC=+6.2V稳定电压供给电路（灯亮时VCC有所降低），而灯泡串于整流电路中。图131.白天时，光敏电阻RG阻值较小，与非门U1A的②脚（TP4）输入为低电平0态，G1门被封锁，即不管G1的①脚（TP3）为何种状态，G1总是出1，G2出0，G3输入端（TP7）为0，G3出（TP8）1，G4出0，TP9为低电平，单向晶闸管VT2不导通。2.在晚上天暗时，RG阻值增大，TP4为高电平1态，G1门打开，TP3信号可送若无脚步声或掌声，驻极体话筒MC无动态信号。偏置电阻（RP2、R4和R3）VT1的NPN三极管导通，TP3为低电平0态，则G1出1，其余状态与白天时相同，晶闸管VT2控制极G无触发信号，故不导通，灯泡L不亮。3.晚上当有脚步声或掌声时，驻极体话筒MC有动态波动信号输入到放大电路VT1的基极，由于电容C1的隔直通交作用，加在基极信号相对零电平有正、负波动信号，使集电极输出端TP3有高电平动态信号为1态，因此使G1全1出0为负脉冲，而G2出1为正脉冲，二极管VD1导通对C3充电达5V,TP5也为1,G3出0，G4出1为高电平，经R7限流,在单向晶管VT2控制极G有触发信号使VT2导通，桥式全波整流电路中串联的灯泡L经晶闸管VT2导通，灯泡L点亮。由于晶闸管导通后的UAK正向压降会降至约1.8V由此VD2用来防止UZ电压下降，避免影响控制电路电源。在脚步声消失后，电容C3上的电压经过R6放电过程，TP5电压仍为1态，故灯泡L仍亮，直到TP5电压小于与非门阀值电压U(TH)=1/2Vcc时刻，G3出1，G4出0，当U(AK)过零电压是，晶闸管VT2截止，整个过程持续约为60秒后，灯泡L熄灭。2.3音频放大电路图2音频放大电路是一种对音频信号进行放大的功率放大电路，与电压放大电路实质上都是能量转换电路，但二者所要完成的任务不同，功率放大电路主要是为负载提供一定不失真、功率大、效率高的输出功率。在设计电路时考虑到晶体管发4射结正向偏置时才导通，所以选用两个性能对称的异型管，组成互补对称电路。调节的均衡电路（即音调电路）。音频放大电路的功能是将其它电子设备（如MP3，计算机声卡，VCD机等）的音源信号进行放大，然后再经过功率放大，最后去推动扬声器输出，简单来说，就是一个扩音器，但为了提高声响的品质，内部要求有能够对高音和低音进行2.4恒压源电路图3在电路当中常常会用到输出恒定电压的电源;在电子线路中保证电压恒定的部分叫做恒压源，属于电源的一种。一种恒压源电路，具有输入端、输出端、用于产生具有波电压的恒压的恒压源单元、和用于消除波电压以便在输出端输出没有波电压的恒压的波消除电路单元，所述波消除电路单元包括连接在所述恒压源单元和所述输出端之间的电阻器;波电压检测电路单元，用于检测所述波电压并根据所检测的波电压输出信号;电流电路单元，用于从所述波电压检测电路单元接收信号并响应所接收的信号向所述输出端提供电流或从所述电阻器吸收电流，从而消除在该输出端处的波电压。理想电压源内阻为0，实际上不可能内阻为0。并且有电流限制范围的，而且电压也有波动误差范围。最简单的是串联稳压、并联稳压、三端稳压、开关稳压。5第3章电路设计3.1电路板模型如下图所示电路板为我们实验所必需的原件，其它的电容、电阻及二极管应该按照该电路板排列顺序安装，从而获得一个完整的电路板。图43.2电路安装原理图如下图为实验所需的实验安装原理图图56图63.3电路设计之桥式整流1.桥式整流器是利用二极管的单向导通性进行整流的最常用的电路，常用来将交流电转变为直流电。桥式整流电路是使用最多的一种整流电路。这种电路,只要增加两只二极管口连接成桥式结构,便具有全波整流电路的优点,而同时在一定程度上克服了它的缺点。2.原理介绍桥式整流电路的工作原理如下：E2为正半周时，对D1、D3加正向电压，Dl、D3导通；对D2、D4加反向电压，D2、D4截止。电路中构成E2、D1、Rfz、D3通电回路，在Rfz上形成上正下负的半波整流电压，E2为负半周时，对D2、D4加正向电压，D2、D4导通；对D1、D3加反向电压，D1、D3截止。电路中构成E2、D2、Rfz、D4通电回路，同样在Rfz上形成上正下负的另外半波的整流电压。重复下去，结果在Rfz上便得到全波整流电压。其波形图和全波整流波形图是一样的。从图5-5中还不难看出，桥式电路中每只二极管承受的反向电压等于变压器次级电压的最大值，比全波整流电路小一半。桥式整流是对二极管半波整流的一种改进。半波整流利用二极管单向导通特性，在输入为标准正弦波的情况下，输出获得正弦波的正半部分，负半部分则损失掉。桥式整流器利用四个二极管，两两对接。输入正弦波的正半部分是两只管导通，得到正的输出；输入正弦波的负半部分时，另两只管导通，由于这两只管是反接的，所以输出还是得到正弦波的正半部分。桥式整流器对输入正弦波的利用效率比半波整流高一倍。桥式整流是交流电转换成直流电的第一个步骤。7第4章制作与安装4.1原件实物声光控延时楼道灯控制电路实物图如下图：图74.2声光控延时楼道灯控制电路安装工艺（1）元器件的插装