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非谓语动词莆田第十二中学不定式一不定式的用法Itisverydangeroustodoit.1.主语Toseeistobelieve.常用于句型：Itis+adj.+for/ofsb+todostheg:Itisbraveofyoutodothat.Itiseasyforyoutodothat.表示人物特征的形容词同of后的名词或代词有意义上的主表关系，常与of搭配。Brave,careful,careless,clever,considerate,cruel,foolish,good,honest,kind,nice,right,rude,stupid,silly,thoughtful,wise,wrong表示事物性质的形容词与不定式关系密切，有主表关系，常与for搭配。Easy,hard,heavy,necessary,impossible,possible,important,difficultIstillwanttobeaquietandhandsomeman!2.宾语IfinditinterestingtostudyEnglish.有些动词后只跟不定式作宾语，如：manage,promise,pretend,plan,offer,agree,ask,dare,choose,fail,help,want,refuse等HowshouldImakemyteacherbelieveit?3.宾语补足语Heaskedmetodotheworkwithhim.注意：在feel,hear,listento,lookat,notice,observe,see,watch,have,let,make等词后的补足语中，不定式不带to.但是变成被动结构，必须带to.Iheardhimsingasong.Hewasheardtosingasong.4.定语PutinnowhastofindnewwaystodevelopRussianeconomy.注1：作定语的不定式如果是不及物动词，或者不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的地点、工具等，不定式后需有介词Pleasegivemeaknifetocutwith.Thereisnothingtoworryabout.Heislookingforaroomtolivein.Heisthefirstonetocomehere.但是，不定式所修饰的名词如果是time,place或way,不定式后面的介词习惯上可以省略。Hehadnomoneyandnoplacetolive(in).注2：have表示“有”，todo主动和被动意思不一样Haveyouanythingtoclaim（申报）?动作执行者youIamgoingtoBeijingnextweek.Haveyouanythingtobetakentoyourson?动作执行者是我-----WhydidyouaskforleavelastFridaynight?----Totellyouthetruth,Iwenthometowatch“Runningman”.5.状语Icameheretoseeyou.(目的)Wewereexcitedtohearthenews.(原因)so…asto,such…asto,enoughto…,onlyto…,too…to这画面太美我不敢看It’ssobeautifulthatI’mtooscaredtoseeit.(结果）注1：某些形容词在too…to结构中表肯定，它们是anxious,delighted,eager,easy,glad,kind,pleased,ready,surprised,willing等。Shewastoosurprisedtoseehowangryherfatherwas.(看到父亲那么生气，她很吃惊)注2：在not,never,only,all,but等后的too…to结构中too意为very，没有否定含义。It’snevertoolatetolearn.I’monlytoogladtostayathome.Eatingiseasy,losingweightisnot.Itistobecherished.6.表语Myjobistohelpthepatient.7.独立成分totellthetruth,tobefrank,tobeexact,tobeginwith,tomakemattersworse8.不定式与疑问词连用在句中起名词作用，可充当主语，表语，宾语等。Howtosolvetheproblemisveryimportant.Myquestioniswhentostart.Hedidn’tknowwhattosay.注意：在与why连用时，只用于why或whynot开头的简短疑问句中，后面紧跟的不定不带to.Whynothaveachange?Nozuo,nodie.Whyyoutry?不作死，就不会死！二.不定式的时态1.不定式一般形式所表示的动作通常与谓语动作同时或几乎同时发生，或是在它之后发生。Iplantoattendthemeetingtobeheldtomorrow.Isawhimgoout.2.如果谓语表示的动作发生时，不定式表示的动作正在进行，不定式用进行时。Heisbelievedtobecoming.I’mgladtobeworkingwithyou.3.不定式动作发生在谓语动词之前，用完成时。Heisbelievedtohavecome.I’msorrytohavekeptyouwaiting.4.在intended,expected,hoped,promised,wanted,wished,thought等后用不定式完成式表示过去没有实现的愿望，期待或计划。Ihopedtohavefinishedtheworkearlier.1.Youweresillynot____yourcar.A.tolockB.tohavelockedC.lockingD.havinglocked2.Idon’tknowwhetheryouhappen,butI’mgoingtostudyintheU.S.A.thisSeptember.A．tobeheardB．tobehearingC．tohearD．tohaveheard3.----IsBobstillperforming?----I'mafraidnot.Heissaid________thestagealreadyashehasbecomeanofficial.A.tohaveleftB.toleaveC.tohavebeenleftD.tobeleft三.不带to的不定式1.在feel,hear,listento,make,let,have,see,lookat,watch,notice,observe等动词后，不定式作宾补时不用to2.在cannotbut,cannotchoosebut,cannothelpbut之后Icannotbutadmiretheircourage.3.不定式动词在介词but,except,后面时，介词前有行为动词doIdon’thaveanyotherchoicebuttoacceptthefact.Shecoulddonothingbutcry.4.不定式作表语，说明前面do的内容时Whathewantstodomostnowis(to)beathim.1.Acomputerdoesonlywhatthinkingpeople_________.A.haveitdoB.haveitdoneC.havedoneitD.havingitdone2.We’vemissedthelastbus.I’mafraidwehavenochoicebut_____ataxi.A.totakeB.takingC.takeD.takenV-ing1.主语Readingisveryimportantinlearningaforeignlanguage.2.表语Herfavouritesportisdiving.4.宾语Ienjoyswimming.3.定语drinkingwater下列句型中常用动名词作主语:Itis/wasnouse/goodnotanyuse/goodoflittleuse/gooduseless+doingsth.Itisnousesayingmore……….说多了都是泪……….admit,avoid,allow,advise,appreciate,consider,enjoy,dislike,deny,practise,permit,finish,delay,escape,involve,risk,mind,imagine,miss,suggest某些动词后只能用动名词作宾语介词宾语1.I’mtiredofworking.2.Tellmesomethingaboutfishing.3.Thetoolisusedforopeningcans.4.Ilikesunbathingafterswimming.短语的宾语feellike/can’thelp/can’tstand/putoff/giveup/It’snouse/It’snogood/etc.带to短语的宾语turnto/beusedto/dueto/refertobesentencedto/seeto/stickto/objectto/leadto/lookforwardto/getdownto/devoteoneselftobeaccustomedto/beaddictedtocondemn…..to……..Itcondemnshimtolivingalone.有些动词如love,like,hate,prefer后既可以跟不定式又可以跟ing分词作宾语，意义上无多大区别(但ing分词一般表示经常性的行为；不定式表示具体的行为)。Ilike__________verymuch,butIdon'tlike_________thisafternoon.A.swimming,swimmingB.toswim,toswimC.swimming,toswimD.toswim,swimmingCLittleJimshouldlove__________tothetheatrethiseveningA.tobetakenB.totakeC.beingtakenD.taking如果like,love,prefer前有would/should,后面则应该接动词不定式。AA思考：下列情况中动词后接不定式还是接ing分词作宾语呢？1.OnlythendidIbegin__________________(see)shewasreallygoodtome.2.Themomenthereturnedhome,Iwasstarting/beginning____________________(cook)supper.3.Thewaterbegan________________(freeze).toseetocooktofreeze4.有些动词后既可以跟不定式，又可以跟动名词作宾语，但意义上有明显差别。讨论：有哪些单词或短语？goon(stop/forget/remember/regret)todo/doingcan’thelptodo/doingbeusedtodo/doing(getusedtodoing)(usedtodo)meandoing/todoIregrettellinghimthebadnews.（已做）Don‘tforgettopostmyletter.（未做）Irememberreturningyourbook.（已做）1.Whentheteachercamein,theystoppedtalking.2.Ifelttired,soIstoppedtohavearest.一般式完成式主动被动tea