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1PhysicsGlossaryIntroductionAabsolutezero绝对零度absorb吸收acceleration加速度action作用、行为accuracy准确性（度）addition增加、加法airresistance空气阻力ammeter电流表、安培计Ampere安培（电流强度单位）amplitude振幅angle角度angulardisplacement角位移antinode波腹area面积atom原子atmosphericpressure大气压强attract吸引average平均的、平均数Avogadro'snumber阿伏加德罗常数2Bbalance平衡barometer气压计battery电池bimetallicstrip双金属片boilingpoint沸点Brownianmotion布朗运动boilingpoint沸点Boyle’slaw玻意尔定律buoyantforce/bouyancy浮力bubble气泡、冒泡Ccalorie卡路里capacity能力、容量CelsiusScale摄氏温标centimetre/centimeter厘米centre中心centreofgravity重心centreofmass质心centripetalforce向心力3changesofstate物态变化Charles’law查理定律circularmotion圆周运动coal煤collision碰撞compression压缩conduction热传导conductor导体container容器convection热对流conservation守恒、保护constant常数、恒定的Coulomb库仑crack破裂、裂缝crystal晶体、水晶的current流通、电流Ddamping阻尼、减幅decay衰减、衰变deceleration减速、反向加速度4decimalplaces/points小数位、小数点decimeter分米decrease减少（量）degree度、等级、程度density密度depth深度diameter直径diffraction衍射diffusion扩散、弥散directcurrent直流direction方向dispersion色散、散布distance距离displacement位移distance距离Dopplereffect多普勒效应dynamics动力学Eecho回声efficiency效率、功效5elasticcollision弹性碰撞electriccharge电荷electricpotential电势electricfield电场electricity电流electron-volt电子伏electromotiveforce电动势energy能量kineticenergy动能thermalenergy热能solarenergy太阳能potentialenergy势能waveenergy波能、海浪能nuclearenergy核能windenergy风能chemicalenergy化学能mechanicalenergy机械能equilibrium平衡evaporate蒸发、挥发evaporation蒸发expand膨胀、扩张6thermalexpansion热膨胀explosion爆炸experiment实验Ffield场fieldstrength场强度firstlawofthermaldynamics热力学第一定律flux流量、流出force力externalforce外力internalforce内力netforce/resultantforce合力normalforce法向力、支持力dragforce牵引阻力、拖曳力frameofreference参照系freebodydiagram受力分析图freeelectrons自由电子freefall自由下落freezingpoint凝固点frequency频率7friction摩擦力fuel燃料fossilfuel化石燃料nuclearfuel核燃料fundamentalunits基本单位frozen冻结的fuse熔化、融合fusion熔化（n.）Ggalaxy星系gaslaw气体定律gaseous气态的globalwarming全球暖化gradient斜率、坡度gram克（质量单位）gravitationalforce/gravity重力、地球引力gravity重力、地球引力gravitationalpotential重力势greenhouseeffect温室效应8Hhalf-life半衰期heat热（特指吸收的热量）height高度hertz赫兹（频率单位）Hooke'slaw胡克定律horizontal水平的、横向的Iidealgas理想气体impulse冲量inertia惯性infrared红外线internal内在的、内部的instantaneous瞬时的insulator绝缘体intensity强度isolatedsystem孤立（隔离）系统isobaric等压线、等压的isochoric等体积的isothermal等温线、等温的9isotopesJjoule焦耳KKelvinScale开氏温标、绝对温标kilogram千克kilometer千米kilowatt千瓦kinematics运动学kineticenergy动能kinetictheoryofgas气体分子运动论Llaser激光latentheat潜热law定律length长度lens透镜lightyear光年10linear线性的、直线的liquid液体liquefy液化(v.)liquefaction液化（n.）load负载、装载longitudinalwave纵波Mmagneticfield磁场magnet磁体、磁铁mass质量matter物质magnitude大小、量级measurement测量、量度melt熔化、融化meltingpoint熔点mercurybarometer水银气压计micrometer微米micrometerscrewgauge千分尺、螺旋测微计microscope显微镜microwave微波11milliampere毫安milligram毫克millimeter毫米milliliter毫升model模型、建模mole摩尔momentum动量Nnegative负的、负数neutral中性的neutron中子Newton’slawsofmotion牛顿运动定律node节点、波结normal法线、垂直的normalforce正压力、法向力nuclear原子核的nuclearfusion核聚变nuclearfission核裂变nuclearfuels核燃料Nucleus原子核12Oohm欧姆Ohmicconductor欧姆导体orbit轨道oscillation振荡、振动PPascal帕斯卡particle粒子、微粒pendulum摆period周期phase相、位相phaseangle相位角phasedifference相位差photogate光电门photon光子piston活塞plasma等离子态potentialdivider分压器power功率outputpower输出功率13inputpower输入功率precision精密度pressure压强principle原理principleofconservationofmomentum动量守恒原理principleofconservationofenergy能量守恒原理proportional比例bedirectlyproportionalto成正比例beinverselyproportionalto成反比例proton质子Qquantity量、数量quantum量子Rradiation辐射radiowave无线电波ray射线、光线reaction反作用、反应redshift红移14reflection反射refraction折射relative相对的resistance阻力、电阻resistivity电阻率resistor电阻器resolution分辨率resonance共振、共鸣rotation旋转、自转Sscalar标量scale刻度、标度scientificnotation科学记数法series串联的shrink收缩SIunits国际标准单位significantfigure/digit有效数字slope斜率、斜坡solid固体specificheatcapacity比热容15speed速率spring弹簧statesofmatter物态stationary静止的、平稳的steam蒸气stopwatch秒表substance物质superposition叠加、重合Ttemperature温度temperaturescale温标tension拉力、张力thermalequilibrium热平衡thermalexpansion热膨胀thermometer温度计thermodynamics热力学thermometer温度计thermostat恒温器timer计时器totalinternalreflection全反射16Uuncertainty不确定度Fractionaluncertainty相对不确定度Absoluteuncertainty绝对不确定度Percentageuncertainty百分不确定度uniformlinearmotion匀速直线运动unit单位derivedunit导出单位fundamentalunit基本单位Vvacuum真空vapor/vapour（水）蒸气vaporization蒸发、汽化（n.）vaporize蒸发、汽化(v.)variable变量、可变因素independentvariable自变量dependentvariable因变量controlledvariable控制变量vector矢量velocity速度17averagevelocity平均速度finalvelocity/terminalvelocity末速度initialvelocity初速度instantaneousvelocity瞬时速度vibration振动voltage电压WWatt瓦特work功weight重力wave波