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雅思强化阅读长难句解析讲义郭凌风UnderstandingIELTSGrammar---SolutiontoLong&ComplicatedSentences长难句成因：“树形结构”：•修饰成分纷繁复杂•主从句交织•特殊句式StrategiesforLong&ComplicatedSentences:一、主从复合句解析1.名词性从句2.定语从句3.状语从句4.多重复合句二、特殊结构句式解析1.分隔结构2.倒装结构3.强调结构4.双重或者多重否定5.比较结构一、主从复合句解析1.名词性从句1.1主语从句•Lookingatthepicturemakeshimexperienceasevereattackofnostalgia.•Forher,awoman,todefyherhusband’sorderwouldbeconsideredaudaciousathertime.•Whatbothersmeaboutthispointofviewisthatitimpliesthathumanbeings,insome雅思强化阅读长难句解析讲义郭凌风deepsense,arenotpartofnature.•Thatheisinlovewithherisnolongerasecret.主语从句解读方法：主语从句引导词：Practice:（1）Thathefinishedwritingthecompositioninsuchashorttimesurprisedusall.（2）Whetherwewillgoforanoutingtomorrowremainsunknown.（3）Whowillbeourmonitorhasn'tbeendecidedyet.（4）Whothewatchbelongstoisunknown.（5）Whomwemuststudyforisaquestionofgreatimportance.（6）Whatcausedtheaccidentremainsunknown.（7）Whatweneedistime.（8）Whatweneedaregooddoctors.（9）Whateveryoudidisright.Example1：Thatthenineteenth–centuryFrenchnovelistBalzaccouldbefinanciallywiseinhisfictionwhilelosingallhismoneyinhislifewasanironywhichwasduplicatedinothermatters.Example2:Thatsuchradicaladaptationscanoccurdemandsaviewofthebrainasdynamicandactiveratherthanprogrammedandstatic.Example3:However,itcannotbedeniedthatitwasSmithwhointroducedsuchatargetforlaternovelists.FurtherPractice:1.Itiscommonknowledgethatthefullmoonbringsfairweather.2.Itisasurprisethatyougavesuchananswertothequestion.3.Itiscertainthatfreemedicalcarewillbegiventomostpeopleinourcity.4.Itisprobablethathehasknowneverything.雅思强化阅读长难句解析讲义郭凌风5.Itappearedthathehadatasteformusic.6.Itmadeusveryhappythatshewassaved7.Itremainsunknownwhentheyaregoingtogetmarried.8.ItissaidthatLiHaohasbeentoEurope.9.Itwasamusingthatarabbitranoutoftheemptyboxonthedesk.1.2.宾语从句（objectclause）引导词：Example1：Asurveyofnewstoriesin1996revealsthattheanti-sciencetaghasbeenattachedtomanyothergroupsaswell,fromauthoritieswhoadvocatedtheeliminationofthelastremainingstocksofsmallpoxvirustorepublicanswhoadvocateddecreasedfundingforbasicresearch.Example2：Yetnewfindingsinneurosciencesuggestthatthebrainretainsitsabilitytoreorganizeitselfinresponsetoexperienceorinjurythroughoutlife:afterthelossofsensoryinputfromanamputatedlimb,forexample,adultsareabletolearnnewmotorskillseffectively.Example3：ArthistorianKennethClarke,forexample,writingin1973,couldnotacceptthattheMonaLisawasfamousforreasonsotherthanitsinnerqualities.Example4:Thestudyonrats,kittens,andmicemay,forinstance,provideaphysiologicalexplanationforwhyinfantanimalsemployintheirplaythesamekindsofbehaviorthattheywilllateruseasadults.雅思强化阅读长难句解析讲义郭凌风1.3表语从句引导词：who,how,when,as,whetherExample：ThekeyissueinjudgingoverpopulationisnothowmanypeoplecanfitintoanygivenspacebutwhetherEarthcansupplythepopulation’slong-termrequirementforfood,water,andotherresources.Practice:Themiracleishowtheyallcooperate,andareintegratedtogether,inthecreationofaself.1.4同位语从句Example:HewassurprisedatthefactthathehadpassedtheIELTSexamination.先行词：破解关键：Example1：Therewasstillthefaiththatordinarymenaregreaterthanthepowersofnatureorthemechanismsofman’shandsandwillmasterthemallintheend.Example2:Thebeliefthatitisharmfultotheblackcommunityforauthorstoexplorethehumanityofourleaderscanhavetroublingeffects.Example3:【剑3】Inrecenttimes,scientificresearchhasbeenprovidingevidencethatyearsofcigarettesmokingvastlyincreasestheriskofdevelopingfatalmedicalconditions.Example4:【剑3】Thisattitudealteredwiththerealizationthatmarginalcommunitiescansurviveandadaptinspiteofpartialintegrationintoanotoriouslyfickleworld雅思强化阅读长难句解析讲义郭凌风economy.Practices：Itakefurthercomfortinthefactthathumanspeciesmanagedtoproduceprettydecentcreativeworkduringthe5000yearsthatpreceded1710,whentheStatueofAnne,theworld’sfirstmoderncopyrightlaw,passedtheBritishparliament.AccordingtoJames,achild’sfirststepontheroadtoself-understandingcanbeseenastherecognitionthatheorsheexists.[剑9]2.定语从句引导词：Which:Liketheslaves,womentookliterallythepreambleoftheDeclarationofIndependence,whichstatesthatallmenarecreatedequal.Librariesmadeeducationpossible，andeducationinitsturnaddedtolibraries；thegrowthofknowledgefollowedakindofcompound-interestlaw，whichwasgreatlyenhancedbytheinventionofprinting.That:Withtheintroductionoftheelectroniccomputer,thereisnocomplicatedproblemthatcannotbesolvedinafewhours.Often,thechildren’sdisagreementsinvolvedastruggleoveratoythatnoneofthemhadplayedwithbeforeorafterthetug-of-war:thechildrenseemedtobedisputingownershipratherthanwantingtoplaywithit.[剑9]Thereissomething,theyargue,insidethepaintingthatspeakstousall,thatunleashesfeelings,emotion,andrecognition.关系代词that的省略：雅思强化阅读长难句解析讲义郭凌风BecausethepotentialtalentJohnhasisobvious,heisgoingtobeelectedasthepresident.Anotherpowerfulsourceofinformationforinfantsabouttheeffectstheycanhaveontheworldaroundthemisprovidedwhenothersmimicthem.Who:ThestudentwhoisansweringthequestionisJohn.Thepersonwhowashereyesterdayisamusician.Whom:InBerlin,hefirstmetthewomanwhomhewouldonedaymarry.Whose:Childrenwithparentswhoseguidanceisfirm,consistent,andrationalareinclinedtopossesshigh