英语五大基本句型

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英语五大基本句型基本概念:现代汉语里一般的句子成分有六种,即主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语和补语。英语句子是由主语(subject),谓语动词(verb),宾语(object),表语(predicative),状语(adverbial),宾语补足语(objectcomplement)等成分组成,按照这些成分的组合方式英语句子可分为五种基本句型。句型一:主语+不及物动词不及物动词本身就可以表达完整的意念,不需要宾语及补语,但有时可有副词,介词短语等状语修饰语。Suchas:1Thesun│wasshining.2.Themoon│rose.3.Theuniverse│remains.4.Weall│breathe,eat,anddrink.5.LucyandMary│getupearlyeverymorning.6.Whathesaid│doesnotmatter.7.They│hadtalkedforhalfanhourwhenIcamein.8.Hisparents│haveworkedinthefactoryformorethantenyearse.g.Therainstopped.9Theoldmanwalksinthepark.句型一的扩展:1.主语+不及物动词+状语e.g.Themachineworkssmoothly.(机器运转正常。)2.There+不及物动词+主语e.g.Thereissomemilkinthebottle.Therecomesthebus.3.主语+不及物动词+动词不定式e.g.Theystoppedtotakeashortrest.(他们停下来稍作休息)特别提醒动词stop可用作不及物动词,也可用作及物动词。作不及物动词时,通常后接动词不定式,表示停下来的目的是做另一件事。作及物动词时,通常后接动名词,表示停止做这件事。e.g.Theystoppedtakingarest.句型二:主语+系动词+表语系动词本身不能表达完整的意念没,需要形容词,名词,介词短语等来补充说明主语,也叫主语补语。suchas:1.This│is│anEnglish-Chinesedictionary.2.Thedinner│smells│good.3.He│fell│inlove.4.Everything│looks│different.5.He│isgrowing│tallandstrong.6.Thetrouble│is│thattheyareshortofmoney.7.Ourwell│hasgone│dry.8.Hisface│turned│red.9Mysisterisanurse.10.Ifeelquitehungry.11.Theballisunderthedesk.句型三:主语+及物动词+宾语及物动词本身需要一个动作的接受者(宾语),才可以表达一个完整的意念。suchas1.Who│knows│theanswer?2.She│smiled│herthanks.3.He│hasrefused│tohelpthem.4.He│enjoys│reading.5.They│ate│whatwasleftover.6.He│said│Goodmorning.7.I│want│tohaveacupoftea.8.He│admits│thathewasmistaken.9.WearelearningEnglish.10.Doyouknowhim?11.Yourradioneedsrepairing.12.Shehopestoseeheruncle.句型四:主语+及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语有些及物动词需要两个宾语才能表达一个完整意念。Suchas:1.She│ordered│herself│anewdress.2.She│cooked│herhusband│adeliciousmeal.3.He│brought│you│adictionary.4.He│denies│her│nothing.5.I│showed│him│mypictures.6.I│gave│mycar│awash.7.I│told│him│thatthebuswaslate.8.He│showed│me│howtorunthemachine.9.Hermotherboughtheraskirt.10,Givemethebook,please.特别提醒A.在此句型中,通常是间接宾语(人)在前,直接宾语(物)在后,有时直接宾语和间接宾语可以对调,这时间接宾语前应加上适当的介词。e.g.Hermotherboughtaskirtforher.Givethebooktome,please.直接宾语与间接宾语对调时,间接宾语前加介词to的动词有:give(给),tell(告诉),lend(借给),sell(卖),teach(教),send(寄给),write(写给),show(出示),return(还给),bring(带给),pass(递给),leave(留给),offer(提供),hand(交给)间接宾语前加介词for的动词有:buy(买),choose(选择),get(弄到),make(做),order(订购),sing(唱歌),do(做),play(演奏)B.如果直接宾语为人称代词那么必须把直接宾放在间接宾语前,且间接宾语前要加上适当的介词。e.g.Ihandedittoourteacher.不能说:Ihandedourteacherit.C.此句型变为被动语态时,可分为两种情况。e.g.Hermotherboughtheraskirt.a.Shewasboughtaskirtbyhermother.b.Askirtwasboughtforherbyhermother.句型五:主语+及物动词+宾语+宾语补足语及物动词本身需要一个宾语外,还需要一个名词,形容词,副词,动词不定式,分词来补充说明宾语,才能表达一个完整的意念。suchas:1.They│appointed│him│manager.2.They│painted│thedoor│green.3.This│set│them│thinking.4.They│found│thehouse│deserted.5.What│makes│him│thinkso?6.We│saw│him│out.7.He│asked│me│tocomebacksoon.8.I│saw│them│gettingonthebus.9.WeelectedLiYangourmonitor.10.Thenewsmadeussad.12.Shesawthethiefstealintotheshop.13.Theteacheraskedmetoanswerthequestion.14.Ifoundthemanstealingthemoney.15.Ifoundmymoneystolen.特别提醒A.现在分词为宾语补足语时,宾语与现在分词之间是主动关系;过去分词为宾语补足语时,宾语与过去分词之间是被动关系。B.在let(让),make(使得),have(请,让,使得),see(看),hear(听到),watch(观看),feel(感觉到),listento(倾听),lookat(看到),notice(注意到)等动词后的宾语补足语如果为不定式,则省掉”to”,但变为被动语态时,则要带”to”.e.g.Wehearhersingnextdoor.Sheisheardtosingnextdoor.C.此句型变为被动语态时,只有一种情况。e.g.Theysawhimstealtheoldman’smoney.Hewasseentostealtheoldman’smoney.

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