中国文化英语教程Unit10

Unit10TheGreatWallLead-inTextstudyExercisesContentLead-inDoyouknowtheNewSevenWondersoftheWorld?Whatarethey?Lead-inTheGreatWallofChina（长城）Lead-inPetra,Jordan（约旦佩特拉古城）Lead-inChristRedeemer,Brazil（巴西基督像）Lead-inMachuPicchu,Peru（秘鲁马丘比丘遗址）Lead-inChichenItza,Mexico（墨西哥奇琴伊察）Lead-inTheRomanColosseum,Italy（意大利古罗马斗兽场）Lead-inTajMahal（印度泰姬陵）IntroductionAspirationforPeaceSeparationandIntegrationSpiritoftheGreatWallTextstudyWonderoftheGreatWallIntroductionThroughmorethan2,000yearsfromtheseventhcenturyBCtothe16thcenturyAD,19dynastiesbuiltpartsoftheGreatWall,addinguptoover100,000kilometers.Introduction•TheGreatWalloftodayismainlythelegacyoftheMing-dynastyrenovations.•Threemajorrenovations(修复)oftheGreatWalltookplaceintheQin(221-206BC),Han(206BC-AD220),andMingdynasties.Introduction•WithmanygapsalongtheWall,the600-kilometer-longsectioninthenorthernoutskirts(市郊)ofBeijingisthebestpreserved.•Itmeanders(蜿蜒)for6,700kilometersfromJiayuPassinthewesterndeserttoShanhaiPassontheeasternseashore.AspirationforPeaceTheGreatWallisunparalleledintheworldin:ScaleSpanofconstructionGreatquantitiesoflaborDegreeofdifficultyAspirationforPeaceWhydidtheChinesebuildtheGreatWall?DuringthereignoftheFirstEmperorofQin,oneoutofevery20peopletookpartinthisproject.Theremustbeareasonforthisancientnationtobuildsuchawalloveratimespanofmorethan2,000years.•Militarydefenseintheageofcoldsteel•ProtectionforthesouthernersfrombeingattackedbythenorthernersAspirationforPeaceMilitarydefenseintheageofcoldsteel•TheearliestpartsoftheGreatWallwerebuiltamidincessantwars.•Sufferingfromthedevastatingdamageofwars,peoplerealizedthatbuildingawalltoprotectliveswasbetterthanburyingthedeadintrenches(深沟).AspirationforPeace“北筑长城而守藩篱，却匈奴七百余里，胡人不敢南下而牧马。”——《新书·过秦》“建塞徼、起亭燧、筑外城，设屯戍以守之，然后边境得用少安。”——《汉书·匈奴传》“筑长城，自代并阴山下，至高阙为塞”——《史记·匈奴列传》WecanseethemilitarydefenseoftheGreatWallfromthefollowingsentences:AspirationforPeaceProtectionforthesouthernersfrombeingattackedbythenortherners•TheGreatWallpreventednorthernpeoplesonhorsebackfromattackingpeopleinthesouthwhoweremostlyengagedinfarming.•Itprovidedthecultivatorswithasenseofsecurityaswellasactualprotection,sotheycouldtilltheirlandsandharvesttheircropsinpeace.AspirationforPeace“大兴师征之，则遁逃伏慝，不可得而诛也；师还则寇钞又起；留卒戍守，则劳费不资，故惟有筑长城以防之。”“然则长城之筑，所以省戍役，防寇钞，休兵而息民者也。”WecanseetheprotectionoftheGreatWallfromthefollowingsentences:SeparationandIntegration长城敌楼AnobservationanddefensetowerontheGreatWallSeparationandIntegrationThegeographicstructureandclimaticpatternsofChinahasledtothedevelopmentoftwodistinctculturesfromancienttimes.•Thesouth,witharable(可耕的)landandawarmclimate,wassuitedforagriculture.•Thenorth,withpastoral(畜牧的)landandacoldclimate,wassuitedforanimalhusbandry(饲养业).SeparationandIntegration•Thelimitedandunstableoutputofanimalhusbandrymadeitnecessaryforthenorthernpeoplestodependontheagriculturalgoodsofthesouthernpeoples.•Historically,invasionsofthesouthbynomadic(游牧的)peoplesofthenorthwereoftenmoreoutofnecessitythanthedesireforexpansion.SeparationandIntegrationTheGreatWallprovidedaneffectivedefenseline.TheWallprotectedtheagriculturaleconomyandadvancedthemodeofproductioninthesouth.Atthesametime,itforcedthenorthernpeoplestogiveupplundering(掠夺)thesouthandtodeveloptheirowncivilization.SeparationandIntegrationThegreatsignificanceoftheGreatWallinthedevelopmentofChinesecivilization：“Seenfromtoday,ifithadnotbeenfortheprotectionoftheGreatWall,ChinesecivilizationwouldhavebeeninterruptedbythenorthernpeoplesinthelateQinorearlyHandynasties,longbeforetheSongandMingdynasties.Inthatcase,therewouldnothavebeentheprosperityoftheHanandTangdynasties,ortheintegrationofsouthernandnorthernpeoples.”—SunYat-senSeparationandIntegrationTheGreatWallasaneweconomicstructure：Intime,economiczonescameintobeingalongtheGreatWall,especiallyatitsseveraldozenpasses,wherepeoplefrombothsidescarriedouteconomicandculturalexchanges.Foralongtimeinhistory,theagriculturaleconomyinthesouthandthepastoraleconomyinthenorthcomplementedanddependedoneachotherthroughsuchexchanges.SpiritoftheGreatWall慕田峪长城一段PartoftheMutianyusectionoftheGreatWall,inthenorthernsuburbsofBeijingSpiritoftheGreatWall•ThehardshipsinvolvedinbuildingtheGreatWallarebeyondimagination.•Numerouspeoplehadtoleavetheirhomesandfamiliestogonorth,wheretheytoiledforyears.Manylosttheirlivesontheworksites,overaperiodofmorethan2,000years.SpiritoftheGreatWallTheLegendofLadyMengjiangSpiritoftheGreatWallTheheartbrokenLadyMengjiangcriedforthreedaysandnightsuntiltheGreatWallcollapsedonesectionafteranother.SpiritoftheGreatWallTheGreatWallhasbecomeasymbolofconsolidationandstrengthfortheChinesepeople.Itsymbolizesthatgreatachievementcanbemadewithacommonwillandconcertedeffort.SpiritoftheGreatWallThenationalanthem,composedduringtheWarofResistanceAgainstJapaneseAggression(1937-1945),calledonthepeopleto“buildournewGreatWallwithourfleshandblood”.CanyouciteanexampleofthespiritoftheGreatWall?WonderoftheGreatWallHaveyoueverbeentotheGreatWall?Whatisyourimpression?WonderoftheGreatWall清平乐·六盘山天高云淡，望断南飞雁。不到长城非好汉，屈指行程二万。六盘山上高峰，红旗漫卷西风。今日长缨在手，何时缚住苍龙？—毛泽东WonderoftheGre