英语语法大全--句子的转换与合并

英语语法大全--句子的转换与合并Ⅰ．简单句之间的转换1781句型的转换是指一个句子由一种语法结构变为另一种语法结构，而不改变其原来的意义。这是一种有用的练习，可以学会许多不同的说法，能从几个句子中挑选出最适当的句子形式。A．主动语态与被动语态之间的转换一个句子可以由主动结构变为被动结构，也可从被动结构变为主动结构（参阅1207—1209）：Hehasfinishedhisuniversitystudies．Hisuniversitystudieshavebeenfinished．Theyputhimtodeath．Hewasputtodeath．AnEnglishmanteacheshimEnglish．HeistaughtEnglishbyanEnglishmen．B．肯定句与否定句之间的转换一个句子可以由肯定形式变为否定形式，也可由否定形式变为肯定形式：Iamdoubtfulofhishonesty．Iamnotsureofhishonesty．Fewunderstandit．Notmanyunderstandit．Heissometimessilly．Heisnotalwaysclever．Itistidy．Itisnotuntidy．Healwaysobjected．Heneveragreed．Hefailedtocome．Hedidnotcome．Shetoldthestorywithtears．Shetoldthestorynotwithouttears．Onlyheknowsit．Nobodyelseknowsit．Helackscourage．Heiswithoutcourage．Heisverytired．Heisnotalittletired．Hewillalwaysrememberyourkindness．Hewillneverforgetyourkindness．C．反问型问句与陈述句之间的转换反问型问句（RhetoricalQuestions）可以转变为陈述句：Isthatthewaytotreatyourwife？Thatisnotthewaytotreatyourwife．CanIsayanything？Icannotsayanything．Wherecanyoueverseeaghost？Youcanneverseeaghostanywhere．Whocaresaboutyou？Nobodycaresaboutyou．WhyshouldIapologize？Ishouldnotapologize．D．不同词类之间的转换几乎任何词类都可以转换为另一词类。可以是：1．动词与名词间的转换：Ourenemyisstrengthening．Ourenemyisgainingstrength．Theyagreednottocriticizeeachother．Theymadeanagreementnottocriticizeeachother．Itsmellsgood．Ithasagoodsmell．Johndisgracesourfamily．Johnisadisgracetoourfamily．2．动词与形容词之间的转换：Heneglectsmyadvice．Heisnegligentofmyadvice．Hefearsnothing．Heisafraidofnothing．Thisletterexpresseshisgratitude．Thisletterisexpressiveofhisgratitude．Theywidenedandlengthenedthestreet．Theymadethestreetwideandlong．3．动词与副词间的转换：HesucceededinadvisingMary．HeadvisedMarysuccessfully．Theyenjoyedcelebratingthefestival．Theycelebratedthefestivaljoyfully．Thisstorysurpassesothersinbeauty．Thisstoryissurpassinglybeautiful．4．名词与形容词间的转换：Heisamanofwealth．Heisawealthyman．Heisahusbandwithnoheart，sheisawifewithalongtongue．Heisaheartlesshusband，sheisalong-tonguedwife．“HereliestheonlywileofJohnLee．”“HereliesJohnLee'sonlywife．”Thispolicyisofgreatimportance．Thispolicyisveryimportant．Therewasonceamonsterwiththreeheads．Therewasonceathree-headedmonster．5．名词与副词间的转换：Pleasehandleitwithcare．Pleasehandleitcarefully．Inallprobability，itwillrainthisevening．Mostprobably，itwillrainthisevening．Ourtroopsenteredthecityintriumph．Ourtroopsenteredthecitytriumphantly．6．形容词与副词间的转换：Afteracarefulanalysis，thefoodprovespoisonous．Carefullyanalysed，thefoodprovespoisonous．Hehateshardwork．Hehatestoworkhard．7．介词与连词间的转换：Ilikehimforhisunselfishness．Ilikehimbecauseheisunselfish．Iwillwaituntilhisreturn．Iwillwaituntilhereturns．图解：Ⅱ．简单句与复合句之间的转换1782一个分词、动名词、不定式或介词短语可以转换为复合句，反过来也如此：—Sittingdown，hereadtheletter．Hesatdownandhereadtheletter．Theguestleaving，Iwenttobed．Theguestleft，andthenIwenttobed．Beingtiredoflife，herefusestoseeanyfriendsorrelatives．—Heistiredoflife，soherefusestoseeanyfriendsorrelatives．—Heranawaytoavoidpunishment．Heranaway，orhewouldbepunished．Hehastoworkhardtomaintainhisbigfamily．Hehastoworkhard，otherwisehecannotmaintainhisbigfamily．Outofadesiretopleasehermother，hesentherthingsfromtimetotime．Hesentthingstohermotherfromtimetotime，forhedesirestopleaseher．—Besidessellingrice，heteachesarithmeticintheevening．Hesellsrice，andbesidesheteachesarithmeticintheevening．Withallhisefforts，hefailed．Hemadeallefforts，buthefailed．Byhisgoodmanners，hewinsherheart．Hehasgoodmanners，thereforehewinsherheart．Theboyisrewardedforhisbravery．Theboyisbrave，soheisrewarded．图解：Ⅲ．简单句与复杂句之间的转换1783一个词或是短语可以转变为名词从句、定语从句或状语从句，反过来也如此：A．名词从句Icannottellthetimeofhisarrival．Icannottellwhenhewillarrive．Ibelieveyourstatement．Ibelievewhatyoustate．Iinsistedonhisstudyingart．Iinsistedthatheshouldstudyart．Iwasinformedofhisbehaviour．Iwasinformedofhowhebehaved．Iwishyoutobealwayshappy．Iwishthatyouwillbealwayshappy．Ithinkitfitforyoutotakeoverthebusiness．Ithinkitfitthatyoutakeoverthebusiness．Ilearnofhissuccess．Ilearnthathehassucceeded．Hisarrivalisagreatevent．Thathehasarrivedisagreatevent．Howtogetridofpovertyisabigproblem．Itisabigproblemhowwecangetridofpoverty．图解：B．定语从句Heisaself－mademan．Heisamanwhohassucceededbyhisownefforts．Ithasbecomeanindependentcountry．Ithasbecomeacountrythatisnomorecontrolledbyanothor．Iwanttoliveanddieinmynativevillage．IwanttoliveanddieinthevillagewhereIwasborn．Shewearsasea－blueskirt．Shewearsaskirtwhichisasblueasthesea．Weneedanatom－smashingmachine．Weneedamachinethatcansmashatoms．Ihavenothingtosay．IhavenothingthatIwishtosay．Theevildonelivesafterthedoers．Theevilthatmendolivesafterthem．图解：C．状语从句Thechildrenquarrelledoverthepropertyonthedeathoftheirfather．Thechildrenquarrelledoverthepropertyassoonastheirfatherdied．After20yearsofservice，heretired．Whenhehadserved20years，heretired．Hediedinhisnativeplace．Hediedwherehewasborn．Hestayedathomebecauseofillness．Hestayedathomebecausehewasill．Inspiteofmyadvice，hepersistedingoingoutwithher．AlthoughIadvisedhim，hepersistedingoingoutwithher．Youmaydrinktoyourheart'scontent．Youmaydrinkasmuchasyoulike．Withoutanywater，thisplantcannotlive．Unlessitgetssomewater，thisplantcannotlive．Heistootiredtoworkanymore．Heissotiredthathecannotworkanymore．Iwill