内科护理学习题集学生用

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在安全生产高压态势下,他由测量施工岗位转战到分公司安全管理工作andduediligenceevaluationsarticle22ndheadoffice,branch(jurisdiction),riskmanagement,marketingmanagementbranchwithintheDepartment'screditbusinesspersonassumedresponsibilityforthesupervisionandinspectionandduediligenceevaluations.Article23rd,HeadOffice,branches(jurisdiction),riskmanagement,MarketingManagementDepartmentthroughon-siteandoff-siteinspection,investigationreport,interviewswithinvestigatorsforpre-loaninvestigationworkbywayofconductingsupervisionandinspection,qualityevaluationpre-loaninvestigationwork,andbasedontheevaluationresults,theimplementationofdiversitymanagement.24ththecontrolandinspection(a)theimplementationofthecreditsystem:thereisnobreachofcreditpolicyrelatingtothegrantingofcreditandtheheadoffice;(B)dualcreditrating:timelinessofratings,whethertheprovisionsoftherating,ratingresultsareaccurate;(C)thesurveycontents:datacollectioniscomplete,reportwritingiscomprehensive,indicatorsanalysisisobjective,real,conclusionsandthefactsareconsistentandreasonable;(D)doubleimplementationofinvestigationssystem:practicalimplementationofdoublesystem;(E)othersupervisionandinspectionofthecontents.25thduediligenceevaluationofficesandbranches(jurisdiction),riskmanagement,MarketingManagementDepartmentagreedtocarryoutpre-loaninvestigationsupervisionandinspectionwork,evaluatewhetherinvestigatorsduediligencetodeterminewhethertheexemptionshouldbe.Investigatorsshouldbecompatiblewith.Duediligenceassessmentshouldbebasedonthefactthat,followingtheprinciplesofobjectivity,impartialityandfairness.Article26thhead内科护理学习题集第二章呼吸系统疾病一、名词解释1.清理呼吸道无效:指患者不能有效地清理呼吸道中的分泌物和吸入的异物以维持呼吸道通畅。2.胸部物理治疗(CPT):是一组促进有效排痰的治疗措施,包括深呼吸和有效咳嗽、胸部叩击、雾化吸入、体位引流和机械吸引等。3.体位引流:是利于重力作用使肺、支气管内分泌物排出体外,又称重力引流。适用于痰液量多、呼吸功能尚好的患者如支气管扩张、肺脓肿等。4.雾化吸入疗法:又称气溶液吸入疗法,是应用特制的气溶液装置将水分和药物形成气溶胶的液体微粒或固体颗粒,通过吸入的方式使之沉积于呼吸道,以达到稀释痰液,解痉平喘,消除支气管粘膜炎症、水肿的作用。5.肺源性呼吸困难:是由于呼吸系统疾病引起通气、换气功能障碍,发生缺氧和(或)二氧化碳潴留所致。6.气体交换受损(ImpairedGasExchange)—机体处于其肺泡和微血管系统间氧合不足或过多和/或二氧化碳排出不足或过多。7.活动无耐力(ActivityIntolerance)—机体处于在生理上或心理上都无足够的能力来耐受或完成必需或希望进行的日常活动的状态。8.急性上呼吸道感染(acuteupperrespiratorytractinfection)简称上感,为外鼻孔至环状软骨下缘包括鼻腔、咽或喉部急性炎症的概称。9.普通感冒(commoncold)俗称“伤风”,又称急性鼻炎或上呼吸道卡他。以冠状病毒和鼻病毒为主要致病病毒。起病较急,主要表现为鼻部症状,如喷嚏、鼻塞、流清水样鼻涕,早期有咽部干痒或或烧灼感。10.急性病毒性咽炎:常由鼻病毒、腺病毒、流感病毒、副流感病毒以及肠病毒、呼吸道合胞病毒等引起。临床表现为咽痒和灼热感,咽痛不明显,但合并链球菌感染时常有咽痛。体检可见咽部明显充血、水肿。11.急性喉炎:多为流感病毒、副流感病毒及腺病毒等引起,临床表现为明显声嘶、讲话困难、可有发热、咽痛或咳嗽,咳嗽时咽喉疼痛加重。体检可见喉部充血、水肿,颌下淋巴结轻度肿大和触痛,有时可闻及喉部的喘息声。12.急性疱疹性咽峡炎多由柯萨奇病毒A引起,表现为明显咽痛、发热,病程约为一周。查体可见咽部充血,软腭、腭垂、咽及扁桃体表面有灰白色疱疹及浅表溃疡,周围伴红晕。13.急性咽结膜炎主要由腺病毒、柯萨奇病毒等引起。表现为发热、咽痛、畏光、流泪、咽及结膜明显充血。14.急性咽扁桃体炎病原体多为溶血性链球菌,其次为流感嗜血杆菌、肺炎链球菌、葡萄球菌等。起病急,以咽、扁桃体炎症为主,咽痛明显、伴发热、畏寒,体温可达39℃以上。查体可发现咽部明显充血,扁桃体肿大、充血,表面有黄色脓性分泌物。有时伴有颌在安全生产高压态势下,他由测量施工岗位转战到分公司安全管理工作andduediligenceevaluationsarticle22ndheadoffice,branch(jurisdiction),riskmanagement,marketingmanagementbranchwithintheDepartment'screditbusinesspersonassumedresponsibilityforthesupervisionandinspectionandduediligenceevaluations.Article23rd,HeadOffice,branches(jurisdiction),riskmanagement,MarketingManagementDepartmentthroughon-siteandoff-siteinspection,investigationreport,interviewswithinvestigatorsforpre-loaninvestigationworkbywayofconductingsupervisionandinspection,qualityevaluationpre-loaninvestigationwork,andbasedontheevaluationresults,theimplementationofdiversitymanagement.24ththecontrolandinspection(a)theimplementationofthecreditsystem:thereisnobreachofcreditpolicyrelatingtothegrantingofcreditandtheheadoffice;(B)dualcreditrating:timelinessofratings,whethertheprovisionsoftherating,ratingresultsareaccurate;(C)thesurveycontents:datacollectioniscomplete,reportwritingiscomprehensive,indicatorsanalysisisobjective,real,conclusionsandthefactsareconsistentandreasonable;(D)doubleimplementationofinvestigationssystem:practicalimplementationofdoublesystem;(E)othersupervisionandinspectionofthecontents.25thduediligenceevaluationofficesandbranches(jurisdiction),riskmanagement,MarketingManagementDepartmentagreedtocarryoutpre-loaninvestigationsupervisionandinspectionwork,evaluatewhetherinvestigatorsduediligencetodeterminewhethertheexemptionshouldbe.Investigatorsshouldbecompatiblewith.Duediligenceassessmentshouldbebasedonthefactthat,followingtheprinciplesofobjectivity,impartialityandfairness.Article26thhead2下淋巴结肿大、压痛,而肺部查体无异常体征。15.急性气管-支气管炎(acutetracheobronchitis)是由生物、物理、化学刺激或过敏等因素引起的气管-支气管粘膜的急性炎症。临床症状主要为咳嗽和咳痰。16.慢性阻塞性肺疾病(chronicobstructivepulmonarydisease,COPD)是一组以气流受限为特征的肺部疾病,气流受限不完全可逆,呈进行性发展。17.慢性支气管炎(chronicbronchitis)是气管、支气管黏膜及其周围组织的慢性非特异性炎症。临床上以咳嗽、咳痰为主要特征,每年发病持续3个月,连续2年或2年以上。18.阻塞性肺气肿(obstructivepulmonaryemphysema)系终末细支气管远端部分(包括呼吸性细支气管、肺泡管、肺泡囊和肺泡)膨胀,并伴有气腔壁的破坏。19.肺源性心脏病是指肺组织或肺动脉及其分支的病变,引起肺循环阻力增加,因而发生肺动脉高压,导致右心室增大伴或不伴有充血性心力衰竭的一组疾病。20.慢性肺源性心脏病(chronicpulmonaryheartdisease)简称肺心病,由于肺组织、肺血管或胸廓的慢性病变引起肺组织结构和(或)功能异常,产生肺血管阻力增加、肺动脉压力增高,使右心室扩张和(或)肥厚、伴或不伴右心功能衰竭的心脏病。并排除先天性心脏病和左心病变引起者。21.肺炎:是指终末气道、肺泡和肺间质等在内的肺实质的炎症。常见症状为咳嗽、咳痰、或原有呼吸道症状加重,并出现脓性痰或血痰,伴或不伴胸痛。大多数患者有发热,早期肺部体征无明显异常,重症者可有呼吸困难、呼吸窘迫。22.大叶性(肺泡性)肺炎:病原体先在肺泡引起炎症,经肺泡间孔(Cohn孔)向其他肺泡扩散,致使部分肺段或整个肺段、肺叶发生炎症改变。23.小叶性(支气管性)肺炎:病变起于支气管或细支气管,继而累及终末细支气管和肺泡。24.间质性肺炎:以肺间质炎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