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lessononeHowtoGetthePooroffOurConscienceAbouttheTitle:“Conscience”referstothesenseofrightandwrongandtheurgetodoright.Conscienceisuniquetoushumanbeingsanddistinguishesmenfromanimals.Whenwedidsomethingwrong,wewouldsufferfromanillconscience,wewouldfeelguilty.“Togetsomethingoffone’sconscience”isaphrase,meaning“toeasetheburdenonone’sconsciencebyfindingexcusefororjustifyingtheexistenceofsomethingbadorwrong”,“totrynottobotheroneselffortheexistenceofsomethingunfair”.AbouttheTitle:•Tounderstandthemeaning,youjustrecallyourexperienceofpassingbyabeggarwithoutfeelingguilty.•Thetitleseemstosuggestthattheauthoristooffersomesolutionstogetthepooroffourconscience.However,Doeshereallydoso?Doeshereallythinkitrighttogetthepooroffourconscience?Discussion•Topics：•1.只有富人得到保护，穷人才能变富。（茅于轼、吴敬琏）(Onlytheinterestsoftherichareprotected,canthepoorbecomerich)•2.对弱者的态度，检验着一个社会的道德底线。（Theattitudetowardthepoorcantestthemoralbottomlineofasociety.)3.一个健全的市场经济，能够使一个人在追求个人最大利益的同时贡献于社会。----AdamSmithAhealthymarketeconomyisonewhichenablesapersontocontributethesocietywhileseekingthegreatestindividualinterests韩志国微博•【政府不能变相掠夺民众财产acovertactofplundering】国富民穷是中国经济的现实危险。税收连年大幅增长,表明中国的财税体制出现畸形malformation;发展趋势；极速runningtime货币化monetization与土地财政形成了国民财富的大规模重新分配，社会公众分享的改革成果又重新回到了政府手中。这是一种公开的但却是无形的掠夺，对整个社会所造成的深层伤害不可低估。Thedisparitybetweentherichandthepoor•1%oftheworldpopulationholds99%oftheworldwealth.Therearetenmillion(dollars)millionairesintheworldwhilethereareonebillionpoorpeoplewholiveonlessthan$1.25perday.•【贫富悬殊】地球上1%的人掌握了99%的财富，100万美元以上的人有一千万，而每天不足1.25美元的贫困人口有10亿。•---Astatisticalfigurefromtheminiblog.•4.WhatdoyouknowaboutthedisparitybetweentherichandpoorinChina?ThepoorpeopleAbeggarThepoorRepresentativesTheAuthorGalbraith,farleft,asUSambassadortoIndia,1961JohnKennethGalbraith(1908--2006)•JohnKennethGalbraithwasaleadingscholaroftheAmericanInstitutionalistschoolandarguablythemostfamouseconomistinthepost-WorldWarIIworld.Hisviewswereastingingindictment(指控)ofthemodernmaterialisticsocietythatchampioned(支持)personalachievementandmaterialwell-beingoverpublicinterestandneeds.Inspiteoftheseviews,heservedasanadvisorinboththeAmericanandCanadiangovernmentsfromthe1930sonward.•GalbraithwasbornOctober15,1908,insouthernOntario,Canada,toafarmingfamilyofScotchancestry.HestudiedagriculturaleconomicsattheOntarioAgriculturalCollegeandgraduatedwithdistinctionin1931.HestudiedagriculturaleconomicsattheUniversityofCalifornia,receivinghisPh.D.in1934.Inthisyearhealsobeganhislong,thoughfrequentlyinterrupted,tenure(任期)atHarvardUniversity.GalbraithtaughtintermittentlyatHarvardintheperiod1934to1939.From1939to1940,hetaughtatPrincetonUniversity.From1943until1948,heservedaseditorofFortunemagazine.In1949,hewasappointedprofessorofeconomicsatHarvard.Galbraith’sacademiccareerfrequentlygavewaytopublicservice.HeworkedintheDepartmentofAgricultureduringtheNewDealandintheOfficeofPriceAdministrationandCivilianSupplyduringWWII.AfterthewarinEurope,GalbraithworkedwiththeOfficeofStrategicServicesdirectingresearchontheeffectivenessoftheAllies’strategicbombingofGermany.HewasaspeechwriterinthepresidentialcampaignofAdlaiStevensonandthenchairedtheDemocraticAdvisoryCouncilduringEisenhower’sadministration.HecampaignedforPresidentJohnF.Kennedy,andafterKennedy’svictoryhewasnamedU.S.ambassadortoIndiaintheearly1960s.AnoutspokencriticofU.S.involvementinVietnam,hecampaignedonbehalfofpresidentialhopefulsEugeneMcCarthy(1968)andGeorgeMcGovern(1972).LaterheworkedinthecampaignsofMorrisUdall(1976)andEdwardKennedy(1980).•Galbraith’smajorintellectualcontributionslieinthetrilogyTheAffluentSociety(1958),TheNewIndustrialState(1967),andEconomicsandthePublicPurpose(1973).Alongthewayhepublishedoverfourtyotherbooks,includingtwonovels,aco-authoredbookonIndianpainting,memoirs,travelogues,politicaltracts(短文),andseveralbooksoneconomicandintellectualhistory.•TheAffluentSocietyexaminedthecontinuingurgencythataffluentsocietiesattachtohigherconsumptionandproduction.Itarguedthattheoutmodedmentalityofmore-is-betterimpededthefurthereconomicprogress.Advertisingandrelatedsalesmanshipactivitiescreateartificiallyhighdemandforcommoditiesproducedbyprivatebusinessesandleadtoaconcomitant(伴随的)neglectofpublicsectorgoodsandservicesthatwouldcontributefarmoretothequalityoflife.•Galbraith’sbreakthroughasabest-sellingauthorcamewithTheAffluentSocietyforwhichhewashonoredwiththeAmericanEconomicAssociation’sprestigiouspresidency.ThebookalsoinfluencedboththeGreatSocietyprogramandtheriseoftheAmerican“counterculture”inthe1960s.•AfteryearsservedinboththeAmericanandCanadiangovernments,Galbraithreturnedtoscholarlyactivity,extensivetravel,andwriting,usingHarvardUniversityashishomebase.•InJanuary1997Galbraith,inalectureattheUniversityofToronto,againespoused(support)hisviewsthatgovernmentsshouldcreatejobsbydirectinterventionintheeconomy.AlthoughherepresentedtheobscureInstitutionalistschoolofeconomicthought,henonethelesscontinuedtoconveyhismessagethat“theremustbe,mostofallaneffectivesafetynetofindividualandfamilysupportforthosewholiveontheloweredgesofthesystem.”SomeofGalbrai