汽车英语基础知识

Chapter1BriefIntroductionTypesofmodernautomobiles现代汽车种类Entireconstructofautomobile汽车整体框架Maintechnicalspecifications主要技术参数、指标Runningprincipleofautomobile汽车运行原理Unit1TypesofModernAutomobiles1）cars轿车3）trucks卡车2）passengercars客车5）specialtypevehicle特种车辆4）tractorsandvehiclecombination7）farmvehicle农用车8)off-roadvehicle越野车6）Self-dumpingcar自卸车1、withrespecttocapacity能力、负载•Minicar微型汽车•subcompactcar普通级汽车(/'sʌb'kɔmpækt/超小型汽车)•compactcar中级汽车(/'kɔmpækt/紧凑的,紧密的)•Intermediatecar中高级轿车(/.intə'mi:djət/中级的,中间的)•limousine(pullmansaloon)高级轿车(/'limu(:)zi:n/豪华轿车;/'pulmən/卧车,普式火车)Classificationofcars车的分类Crown（2.5～3L）Mazda/'mæzdə/6（2.3L）CA770（52、withrespecttoenginearrangementanddrivingtypeenginearrangementanddrivingtype发动机布局和驱动方式Diagram图（/'daiəgræm/）frontengine、front-wheeldrive发动机前置、前轮驱动frontengine、rear-wheeldrive发动机前置、后轮驱动Rearengine、rear-wheeldrive发动机后置、后轮驱动PassengerCars客车TruckTractor牵引车Specialvehicle专用车(/'vi:ikl/交通工具,车辆)fireengine消防车paradevehicle旅行车(/pə'reid/检阅,游行)mailcar邮车Unit2Entirestructureofautomobile1）engine发动机2）chassis底盘(/‘ʃæsi;’tʃæsi/底盘3）body车身4）electricsystem电子系统Unit3Maintechnicalspecifications1.completevehiclekerbmass整车整备质量2.maximumtotalmass最大总质量3.maximumpay最大装置重量4.maximumaxlemass最大轴质量（/mæs/质量）5.vehiclelength车长6.Vehiclewidth车宽7.Vehicleheight车高8.Wheelbase轴距(/'wi:lbeis/)9.track(tread)轮距10.Frontoverhang前悬11.Rearoverhang后悬12.Minimumgroundclearance最小离地间隙13.Aproachangle接近角(/'æŋgl/角度)14.Departureangle离去角15.Turningdiameter转弯直径(/dai‘æmitə/直径)Maintechnicalspecifications主要技术指标Unit4RunningPrincipleoftheAutomobile汽车运行原理F0FtVMtF0=Mt/rRunningresistance运行阻力（/ri'zistəns/阻力）Ff——rollingresistance滚动阻力Fw——airresistance空气阻力Fi——gradientresistance坡道阻力(/'greidiənt/倾斜度,坡度)TotalresistanceΣF=Ff+Fw+FiRelationbetweentotalresistanceandtractiveforcetotalresistanceandtractiveforceRunningstatus运转状态FtΣFSpeedup增速Ft=ΣFuniformspeed匀速FtΣFspeeddown减速Tractiveforceandadhesiveforce牵引力和附着力Adhesive*(/əd'hi:siv/有粘性的)force——FF=G——coefficient(/kəui'fiʃənt/系数)ofadhesion附着系数Extralargebus大客车返回Mediumandheavytruck中型货车和重型货车（/'mi:djəm/适中的,中等的)Chapter2PrincipleandEntirestructureofEngine发动机原理和整体结构Elementaryterms基本术语Principleoffour-strokeEngine四冲程发动机原理PrincipleoftwostrokeEngine两驱发动机原理Classificationoftheengine发动机分类Single-cylinderengineCylinder气缸Piston活塞Pistonpin活塞销Connectingrod连杆Crankshaft曲轴Oilpipe机油管Intakevalve进气门Exhaustvalve排气门Timinggear正时齿轮Oilpump机油管Unit1ElementaryTerms•topdeadcenter(TDC)上止点•Bottomdeadcenter(BDC)下止点•pistonstroke(S)活塞行程、冲程•crankradius(R)曲柄半径(/'reidjəs/半径)•actualdisplacement(Vh)实际排量(/'æktjuəl/实际的)•enginedisplacement(VL)发动机排量•combustionchambervolume(Vc)燃烧室容积(/‘tʃeimbə/室,房间；/kəm’bʌstʃən/燃烧)•totalcylindervolume(Va)气缸总容积•Operatingcycle操作周期、运转周期(/'saikl/循环,周期)VL=Vh×iVh=πD2·S×10-6/4（L）D——cylinderdiameter,mm气缸直径,气缸内径,缸径S——pistonstroke,mm活塞行程Unit2PrincipleofFour-strokeEngine四冲程发动机原理ⅠPrincipleofFour-strokegasolineEngine四冲程汽油发动机原理1、intakestroke进气行程2、compressstroke压缩行程（/kəmpres/压缩）3、powerstroke动力行程4、exhauststroke排气冲程（/ig'zɔ:st/排气）Workingprocessofsinglecylinderfour-strokegasolineengine进气门排气门油泵油管曲轴连杆活塞销活塞气缸进气行程排气阀关闭进气阀开启气压线压缩行程压缩比作功行程压力线排气行程(发动机的)示功图(/ri'zidjuəl/残余的,剩余的)残余废气T=1200~1500Kp=105~400kPaⅡPrincipleofFour-strokedieselEngineInjector喷油器injectionpump喷油泵Intake进气Compress压缩Power作功Exhaust排气Inletvalve进气门ExhaustValve排气门airT=300~370Kp=80~90kPaT=800~1000Kp=3~5MPaT=800~1000Kp=105~400kPaRealdiagramofdieselengine（/‘di:zəl/柴油）Unit3ClassificationofEngineInternalcombustionengine内燃机Water-coolingengine水冷发动机air-coolingengine风冷发动机Four-strokeengine四冲程发动机Two-strokeengine两冲程发动机Gasolineengine汽油机Dieselengine柴油机Single-cylinderengine单缸发动机Multi-cylinderengine多缸发动机Cylinder-in-linearrangement单列式发动机V-arrangementInternalcombustionengine内燃机Internalcombustionengine内燃机Internalcombustionengine内燃机Internalcombustionengine内燃机Unit4EntireStructureoftheEngine发动机的总体构造Twomechanisms两大机构Connectingrod曲柄连杆Valvegear阀门配气机构Fivesystems五大系统Fuelsupplysystem供给系Ignitionsystem点火系Coolingsystem冷却系统Lubricatingsystem润滑系Startsystem起动系connectingrod连杆Flywheel飞轮Crankshaft凸轮轴Piston活塞intakevalveexhaustvalvepushrod推杆tappet挺杆timinggears正时皮带/链条■Valvegear■ConnectingrodCamshaft凸轮轴Rocker摇臂/杆EngineconstructionofSantanaEnginecoolingsystemofSantanaEnginelubricatingsystemofSantana（/lubricate/v.润滑,涂油）Fuelsupplysystem燃料供给系统Valvegear气门机构backGasTurbine（/'tə:bin,-bain/n.涡轮）燃气涡轮机Chapter3ConnectingRod☆Enginebody☆Pistonandconnectingrod☆CrankshaftandflywheelUnit1IntroductionFunction•Convertthermal(/‘θə:məl/热的,热量的)energyintomechanical(/mi’kænikl/机械的,力学的)energyusedtomovethepistonupanddown.将燃料燃烧时产生的热能转变为活塞上下运动的机械能.•Convertreciprocating(/ri'siprəkeit/互换,交换)motionofthepistonintorotarymotionofthecrankshaftandproducepower.将活塞的往复运动变为曲轴的旋转运动而对外输出动力。Components•Enginebody•Pistonandconnectingrod•Crankshaftandflywheel工作条件受的力主要有气压力、惯性力、离心力、摩擦力（inertial/i'nə:ʃəl/惯性的;centrifugal/sen'trifjugəl/离心的）冲击力和震动Unit2EngineBodyComponents：Crankcase曲轴cylinderblock气缸体Cylindergasket气缸垫cylinderheadCylinder气缸oilpassageandwaterpassage油道和水道oilpan油底壳气缸盖Cylinderblockandcrankcase气缸体和曲轴箱cylinderblockofaudi100Classification1、water-cooling水冷2、air-cooling风冷coolingfin散热片,冷却片cylinde