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SamuelTaylorColeridge•Agreatpoetofimagination:KublaKhan•AcriticoftheRomanticism•SamuelTaylorColeridgewasborninDevonin1772.•HelaterattendedCambridgebutleftwithoutcompletinghisstudies.•DuringtheshockwavesofFrenchRevolutionthroughEurope,Coleridgemadeanameforhimselfbothasapoliticalradicalandasanimportantyoungpoet;alongwithhisfriendsRobertSoutheyandWilliamWordsworth(LakePoets),hebecameoneofthemostimportantwritersinEngland.•CollaboratingwithWordsworthontherevolutionaryLyricalBalladsof1798,ColeridgehelpedtoinauguratetheRomanticerainEnglandbyunderlyingtheprinciplesinLyricalBallads.•1Privilegingnaturalspeechoverpoeticornament.•2simplystatedthemesoverelaboratesymbolism.•3emotionoverabstractthought,andtheexperienceofnaturalbeautyoverurbansophistication.•Thebookpavedthewayfortwogenerationsofpoets,andstandsasoneofthemilestonesofEuropeanliterature.ColeridgewasresponsibleforattemptingtopresentthesupernaturalasrealwhereashisfriendWilliamWordsworthwouldtrytorenderordinaryrealityasremarkable,strange.•PoemssuchasTheRimeoftheAncientMarinerandKublaKhandemonstrateColeridge'stalentforconcoctingbizarre,unsettlingstoriesfulloffantasticimageryandmagic.Coleridgeoftenprivilegesweirdtalesandbizarreimageryoverthecommonplace,rusticsimplicitiesWordsworthadvocates•Coleridgebecameanopiumaddict(itisthoughtthat“KublaKhan”originatedfromanopiumdream)and,in1816,movedinwiththesurgeonJamesGillmaninordertopreservehishealth.DuringtheyearshelivedwithGillman,Coleridgecomposedmanyofhisimportantnon-fictionworks,includingthehighlyregardedBiographiaLiteraria.(文学传记)Coleridge’sstyleinpoetry•Coleridge'spoemsoftenfavormusicaleffectsovertheplainnessofcommonspeech.TheintentionalarchaismsofTheRimeoftheAncientMarinerandthehypnoticdroneofKublaKhandonotimitatecommonspeech,creatinginsteadamorestrikinglystylizedeffect.The13th-centuryfounderoftheYuandynastyinChina,KublaiKhanruledoveralavishlyluxuriouscourtknowntoEuropeansmainthroughthedescriptionsoftheItalianmerchantandtravelerMarcoPolo.KublaKhan•Itopenswithanenigmaticbutprecisedescriptionofanemperor'spleasuredomelocatedinanenchanted,savagespotwhereawomancriesforherdemonloverandthesacredriverisflungupviolently,thenmeandersbeforeplungingthroughcavernsintoasunlesssea.Intryingtointerpretthissymbolicsitewecanbeginbyseeingthedomeasahumancreation(art)builtinandovernature'sbeautyandpower.NotethatinthelastpartofthepoemthenewlyintroducedIhasavisioninwhich,inspiredbyasingingwoman,hewouldimaginativelyrecreateinairtheKhan'sdome.•InXanadudidKublaKhan•Astatelypleasure-domedecree:WhereAlph,thesacredriver,ranThroughcavernsmeasurelesstomanDowntoasunlesssea.Alph:magicalriverinwesternGreece.Decree:imperialorder•SotwicefivemilesoffertilegroundWithwallsandtowersweregirdledround:Andthereweregardensbrightwithsinuousrills,Whereblossomedmanyanincense-bearingtree;Andherewereforestsancientasthehills,Enfoldingsunnyspotsofgreenery.girdled:enclosedsinuousrills:windingstreams.忽必烈在周围三十余里的肥沃土地上建造他豪华的园林，园中有古老的树木，芬芳浓郁，绿荫透射出点点阳光。•Butoh!thatdeepromanticchasmwhichslantedDownthegreenhillathwartacedarncover!Asavageplace!asholyandenchantedAse'erbeneathawaningmoonwashauntedBywomanwailingforherdemon-lover!•openingcavesinground•Slopewild•passingthroughawoodofcedartrees.•此段诗人又驰骋其怪诞奔放的想象力，想到月光下的女郎为她无情的魔鬼爱人而悲泣。•Andfromthischasm,withceaselessturmoilseething,Asifthisearthinfastthickpantswerebreathing,Amightyfountainmomently(5)wasforced:Amidwhoseswifthalf-intermittedburstHugefragmentsvaultedlikereboundinghail,Orchaffygrainbeneaththethresher'sflail:•boiling•thewaterisburstingnowandthen•Half-interrupted•20-23行描写急流有时受到乱石阻遏，流势稍缓，但忽然有浪涛汹涌，有如猛烈的冰雹，或打谷时的谷壳飞扬。•And'midthesedancingrocksatonceandeverItflungupmomentlythesacredriver.FivemilesmeanderingwithamazymotionThroughwoodanddalethesacredriverran,Thenreachedthecavernsmeasurelesstoman,Andsankintumulttoalifelessocean:And'midthistumultKublaheardfromfarAncestralvoicesprophesyingwar!又想到圣河河水的奔腾，穿过地下洞穴流入地下无声的大海，而在这呼啸的流水声中，诗人又让忽必烈汗听到列祖列宗预告战争将要爆发的声音。•TheshadowofthedomeofpleasureFloatedmidwayonthewaves;WherewasheardthemingledmeasureFromthefountainandthecaves.Itwasamiracleofraredevice,Asunnypleasure-domewithcavesofice!•Reflectionrhyme•诗人想象豪华的宫殿在浪涛中浮现出倒影，他仿佛听到喷泉和洞穴发出的共鸣声交织在一起。•Adamselwithadulcimer(6)InavisiononceIsaw:ItwasanAbyssinian(7)maid,Andonherdulcimersheplayed,SingingofMountAbora.CouldIrevivewithinmeHersymphonyandsong,Tosuchadeepdelight'twouldwinme,Thatwithmusicloudandlong,•(6)Stringinstrumentstruckwithtwolighthammers,usedbothinChinaandinEurope,indifferentforms.•(7)AbyssiniaisthenortheasternAfricancountrynowknownasEthiopia.•诗人在梦中看到一位阿比西尼亚姑娘边弹洋琴边唱歌；动人的音乐激起使人想用美妙的歌声和音乐在空中建造一座宫殿式的建筑物。•Iwouldbuildthatdomeinair,Thatsunnydome!thosecavesofice!Andallwhoheardshouldseethemthere,Andallshouldcry,Beware!Beware!Hisflashingeyes,hisfloatinghair!Weaveacircleroundhimthrice,(8)Andcloseyoureyeswithholydread,Forheonhoney-dewhathfed,AnddrunkthemilkofParadise.•(8)Aprotectiveritual.•诗人表示凡是听过这种音乐，见过这座“空中乐园”的人都不能不异口同声地对诗人的形象表示钦佩。诗人的周围仿佛环绕着一道灵光，因为在柯勒律治看来，诗人几乎不是食人间烟火的人，他吃的是蜜露，饮的是天国的乳汁，故能“超凡入圣。”Thespeakerinsiststhatifhecouldonlyrevivewithinhimhersymphonyan