中国文化英语教程Unit-22中国饮食文化

Unit22CulinaryDelightsinChinaLead-inTextstudyExercisesContent•中国人离不开吃：谋生叫糊口，岗位叫饭碗，受雇叫混饭，花积蓄叫吃老本，混得好叫吃得开，女人漂亮叫秀色可餐，受人欢迎叫吃香，受人照顾叫吃小灶，不顾他人叫吃独食，受到伤害叫吃亏，女人嫉妒叫吃醋。大家一见面就问“你吃了吗？”Lead-inLead-inIntroductionRegionalChineseCuisinesEveryDishHasaHistoryWarmthandHospitalityExpressedbyFoodTextstudySuperbSkillsofChineseChefsSuperbSkillsofChineseChefsIntroductionChinesecuisineisabrilliantfacetofChineseculture,whichisprovenbythefactthatChineserestaurantsarefoundscatteredeverywherethroughouttheworld.RegionalChineseCulturesItiswidelyacknowledgedthatfromtheMingandQingdynastiesonwards,thereareeightmajorschoolsofcuisinebasedonregionalcooking.TheycamefromShandong,Sichuan,Guangdong,Fujian,Jiangsu,Zhejiang,Hunan,andAnhuiprovinces.Inadditiontothesetraditionalcuisines,theculinaryindustryinChinahasundergonegreatchanges,asalmosteveryplacehasitsownlocalspecialties,andthedifferentcuisinesgatherinbigcitiessuchasBeijing.RegionalChineseCulturesEightmajorschoolsofcuisine菜系口味鲁菜咸、鲜川菜麻辣苏菜甜、黄酒味粤菜甜、鲜闽菜酸甜（北部）、香辣（南部）浙菜鲜、荤油味、黄酒味湘菜辣徽菜咸注：除了八大菜系外，还有东北菜（东北）、京菜（北京）、冀菜（河北）、豫菜（河南）、鄂菜（湖北）、本帮菜（上海）、赣菜（江西）、客家菜、清真菜等地方特色菜系，代表了各地色、香、味、形俱佳的传统特色烹饪技艺。RegionalChineseCulturesSichuanCuisine•Nature’sStorehouse;alsoastorehouseofcuisine•deliciousyeteconomicalculinaryfare•ingredientssimple;spicesquitedifferent水煮鱼FishFiletsinHotChiliOilRegionalChineseCulturesSichuanCuisine•theuseofChinesepricklyashseeds•chilipepper(辣椒)；fermentedbeansauce(豆瓣酱)•TanFamilyFishHeadrestaurant(谭鱼头；以“谭鱼头火锅”为核心产品)谭鱼头—鱼头（火锅）FishHeadforHotpot谭鱼头—夫妻肺片porklungsinchilisauceRegionalChineseCulturesGuesswhichcuisinethefollowingdishesbelongto?芙蓉虾FriedShrimpswithEggWhite白切贵妃鸡ColdSteamedChickenRegionalChineseCultures•locatedinsouthernChina,withamoderateclimateandabundantproduceallyearround.•Famousforitsseafoodaswellasforitsoriginalityandrefinedcookingprocesses.GuangdongCuisine百合鲫鱼汤LilyandfishsoupRegionalChineseCultureslightandexquisite,andtypicaloffoodfromalongthelowerYangtzeRiver.ZhejiangCuisine西湖醋鱼WestLakeVinegarFishThenlet’shaveaglimpseofothercuisinesandtrytofigureouttheEnglishNameofthesedishespresentedonthefollowingpictures.RegionalChineseCulturesRegionalChineseCulturesHunanCuisine口味虾腊味合蒸冰糖湘莲RegionalChineseCulturesShandongCuisine糖醋鲤鱼百花大虾RegionalChineseCulturesJiangsuCuisine文思豆腐霸王别姬羊方藏鱼RegionalChineseCulturesFujianCuisine七星鱼丸扳指干贝醉排骨RegionalChineseCulturesAnhuiCuisine杨梅丸子火腿炖甲鱼EveryDishHasahistoryThenamesofChinesedishesarediverse,butbehindeachofthefamousdishesisaninterestingstoryexplainingwhyitispopular.Agoodnamecanmakethedishmoreinteresting.However,somenamesaresoeccentricthattheymayconfusepeople,bothChineseandforeigners.Ifyouonlytranslatethenamesliterallywithnoexplanation,youmaymakeafoolofyourself.EveryDishHasahistoryWhenservedinneatrowsonatray,theylooklikebuddingchrysanthemum(菊花)flowers.Thewrappingisthin,thefillingsarejuicy,themeattenderandthetastedeliciousandnotatallgreasyGoubuliEveryDishHasahistory天津狗不理GoubulisteamedbunsinthecityofTianjinEveryDishHasahistoryOneThereisaninterestingstorybehindit.GoubulisteamedbunswerefirstsoldinTianjinabout150yearsago.AlocalyoungmanbythenameofGouzi(Dog)workedasanapprenticeinashopsellingbaozi(steamedbuns).Afterthreeyears,hesetuphisownbaozishop.Becausehisbunsweresodelicious,hesoonhadathrivingbusiness,withmoreandmorepeoplecomingtobuyhisbuns.AshardworkingasDogwas,hecouldnotkeepupwithdemandsohiscustomersoftenhadtowaitalongtimetobeserved.EveryDishHasahistoryImpatient,somepeoplewouldcallouttourgehimon,butashewassobusypreparingthebuns,hedidn'tanswer.PeoplethereforecametocallhisbunsGoubuli,meaningDogpaysnoattention.Thiseccentricname,however,hashadverygoodpromotionaleffects,andhasbeenusedeversince.NowGoubuliisnowatime-cherishedbrandnameinTianjin.EveryDishHasahistoryDongpoMeat•BelongingtoZhejiangcuisine.•preparedoveraslowfirewherethebigchunksofporkarebraisedwithgarnishesofgreenonion,ginger,cookingwine,soysauce,andsugar.EveryDishHasahistoryItissaidthat,whenhewasinchargeofthedrainage(排水，排污)workfortheWestLake,SuDongporewardedworkerswithstewedporkinsoysauce,andpeoplelaternameditDongpoMeat,tocommemoratethisgiftedandgenerouspoet.北宋诗人苏轼(1037~1101)SuShi(1037~1101),apoetinNorthernSongDynastyEveryDishHasahistoryBuddhaJumpingtheWall•Fujiancuisine•withmorethan20mainingredients,includingchicken,duck,seacucumber,driedscallop(扇贝),tendon(腱),sharklip,fishmaw(鱼鳔),ham,andmorethanadozengarnishes(装饰菜)likemushrooms,winterbambooshootsandpigeoneggs.EveryDishHasahistory•BuddhaJumpingoverthewallwascreatedbyarestaurantcalledGatheringSpringGarden(聚春园)inFuzhou,Fujian,duringthereignoftheQingEmperorGuangxu,ItwasfirstnamedEightTreasuresStewedinaPot(坛烧八宝)andthenamewaslaterchangedtoBlessingandLongevity(福寿全).Oneday,severalscholarscametoGatheringSpringGardenforameal.Whenthedishwasserved,oneofthescholarsimprovisedapoem:“Fragrancespreadstotheneighborhoodoncethelidlifts,/Onewhiff(一闻，一吸)andtheBuddhajumpsthewall,abandoningtheZenprecepts(戒律).”(“坛启荤香飘四邻，佛闻弃禅跳墙来”)Hencethenameofthedish.EveryDishHasahistory麻婆豆腐麻婆豆腐是川菜的代表之一，它的特别是又麻又辣。做这道菜要把豆腐弄烂，以便麻辣味浸透，所以称为麻破豆腐，但“破”字不吉祥，所以称为“麻婆豆腐”。“麻婆豆腐”的“麻”字是指麻辣而言，与创制“麻辣豆腐”的女老板的长相并无关系。麻婆豆腐M