美国饮食文化

美国饮食文化TheeatingcultureofAmerica美国的餐饮多元化，大城市中有世界各地风味的餐馆。欧洲餐厅以法国和意大利餐馆为主，这些地方环境很好，价格也较高；中餐馆遍布全美，以广东餐馆为主，多售卖海鲜类菜肴，价格适中；其他还有日本、印度、中东、拉美和东南亚餐馆。比较富有美国当地特色的则是快餐，如以麦当劳为代表的汉堡包餐厅、以肯德基为代表的炸鸡餐厅，此外还有出售披萨、三明治和热狗的快餐店。在正规餐厅里就餐后要付10—20%的小费，而在快餐厅里就不必付小费了。总体来说，吃快餐比较节省开支。饮食文化Thespeciesoffood食物种类EatingCustomandPractice用餐习惯FastFood快餐食品Fast-foodchains，American-style，arecurrentlyontheincreaseallovertheworld．Mostoftheseplacesworkonasimilarprinciple．Thereisalongcounter，abovewhichisdisplayedalist（oftenwithpictures）oftheitemsavailable，andbehindwhichseveralpeople（oftenstudentsworkingfortheminimumwage）areserving．Individualqueuesforminfrontofeachassistant．Youreceivewhatyouordermoreorlessimmediatelyandtakeitonatraytoatable，pickingupthinglikestraws（吸管），pepper，salt，ketchup（蕃茄酱），pickles（泡菜）andnapkins（usuallypapernapkins）ontheway．Ifyoucan’tseeanyknivesandforks，thismeansyouaresupposedtoeatwithyourhands．Ifyoucan’tseeanystraws，that’sbecausetheyarehidinginthestrawdispenser（分配器）thatyouhavetofiddle（拨弄）withthebottomofittogetastraw（oneatatime）toemerge．Whenyou’vefinished，youyourselfthrowawayeverythingexceptthetray．Manyfast-foodplaceshavedrive-infacilities．Youplaceyourorderfromyourcarvia（通过）amicrophoneandthendriveroundtoaspecialwindowtopayandpickitup．Youmayevenencounterplaceswhereawaitressbringyourmealout，andyousitandeatitinthecarfromatrayhookedoverthedoorthroughtheopenwindow．Youmaybeaskedifyourorderis“forhere”or“togo”（i．e．totakeaway）．Insomestatesthereisnosalestaxonfoodconsumed．Chips油炸土豆片ChipsinAmericaarecalled“Frenchfries”or“fries”forshort．（NotethatintheUSA“chips”meancrisps）．“Frenchfries”arenormallythinnerthanchips．Americansgenerallyputketchupontheirchips，andyouwillnotnormallyfindvinegar（醋）．Pizzas（意大利式）烘焰饼TherearemanyspecialtypizzarestaurantsinAmerica，andmanyofthemtaketelephoneordersanddeliverpizzastoyourhome，whichcanoftenbeconvenient．Theycomeindifferentsizes，andalargeonecanbebigenoughforapartyoffourpeople．Ifyouwanttoshareapizzabutcan’tagreeontheingredients，itispossibletoordertwodifferentsetsoftoppings，onesetoneachhalf．Ice-Cream冰淇淋Shopssellinglargenumberofdifferentflavorsofice-creamareverycommoninAmerica．Ifyouarenotsurewhatflavor(味道)youwant，generallyyoucansampleasmallspoonfulofaparticularflavortoseeifyoulikeit．Youcaneitherhaveyourice-creamina“plaincone”（普通型锥形物）orina“sugarcone”（甜脆型锥形物）．SoftDrinks软饮料Fast-foodrestaurantsdonotservealcohol．ThesoftdrinksmostoftensoldareCoca-ColaandPepsi——Cola，plusfizzydrinks（whicharelikelemonade）androotbeer（whichislikecoughmedicine）．Fizzydrinksareknownas“carbonatedbeverages”（碳酸饮料）or，morecolloquially，“soda”，“pop”，“sodapop”，and“softdrinks”．Allthesedrinkscomewithlostofice．Infact，youwillprobablyfindasmuchiceasdrinkinyourdrink．Ifyouaskforasoftdrinkwithoutice，theywillthinkyouarefunnybutwillprobablyoblige．（Theymaychargeyouabitextra，foriceischeaperthanCoke．）TheBigApple：来到美国，说到吃，肯定很多人的第一个反应是TheBigApple，不过千万别误会，这可是你吃不了的苹果，它其实是纽约市的“昵称”。如果你旅游的目的地是TheBigApple，那我们可要说Congratulations（恭喜）了，那可是个美食之都。Hero：首先，你该到饭店去点一份hero。别担心，服务生不会当你是“吃英雄”的疯子。Hero是纽约人管大个儿意大利潜水艇三明治的叫法。当然，如果你一下子吃了十个Heroes，可能别人就会说话了：“Lookatthatstrangegal！She’sreallyoutinleftfield！”这里，outinleftfield专门用来形容那些古怪或者是莫名其妙的人。Surfn’Turf：当然，美食并不只是在纽约才有，如果你有兴趣，不妨到“天使之城”洛杉矶逛一圈，Surfn’Turf就是一种在洛杉矶非常普及的美食，其中主食是海鲜及牛排，可能会比较贵，但还有很多叫“dives”的便宜餐厅，你可以以合理的价格买到这种美食。TacoStand：TacoStand是另一种在洛杉矶及附近的加州城市都很常见的美食，tacos来自于拉丁美洲，但在美国加州也非常的流行。“stand”是一种街边小摊，你可以在那儿买到一些速食。一般这要比McDonalds（麦当劳）或是BurgerKing（汉堡王）那样的速食连锁店要便宜，但是食物要可口的多哦！Franks：在美国的街头，你经常会碰到一些Streetvendors（街头小贩）高嚷着“Franks”，这时候你可千万别以为他们在寻找名叫Frank的人，Franks在这里是“热狗”的意思。这些小贩就正在SellingHotdogs（卖热狗）。到餐厅点荷包蛋的讲法是sunnysideup,因为荷包蛋看起来是不是很样一个小学生画的太阳?EatingCustomandPractice用餐习惯Americaneatingisfunny.Theyeatalmosteverythingwithafork,anditappearsthatholdingaknifeinone'srighthandlongerthanafewsecondsisconsideredtobeagainstgoodtablemanners.Thesystemisthatifitisabsolutelynecessarytouseaknife,peopletaketheforkintheirlefthand,andcutoffapieceofmeatorwhateveritisinthenormalmanner.Thentheyputtheknifedown,transfertheforktotheirrighthand,andonlythendotheytransportthefoodtotheirmouth.Thisisclearlyludicrous(滑稽可笑),butitisconsideredgoodmanners.Thereareseveralresultsofthissystem.First,ifitisnotabsolutelynecessarytouseaknife,Americansdon'tuseone,becauseobviouslythisgreatlycomplicates(使复杂化)things,andyouwillthereforeseethemtryingtocutthingslikepotatoes,fishandevenbacon(熏猪肉)withafork.Second,towardstheendofacourse,sinceonlyoneimplement(器具)isbeingused,foodhastobechasedaroundtheplatewiththefork—andforthelastmouthfulthethumbhastobeusedtokeepthefoodinplace,althoughoneisnotsupposedtodothis.Third,tablesaregenerallylaidwithoneknifeandtwoforks,theoutsideforkbeingforthesalad.ThereisnoneedforforeignvisitorstofollowtheAmericansystemandtrytoeatthesaladwithonlyafork,butifyoudouseyourknife,remembertosaveitforthemeatcourse.Evendesserts(甜食)(excepticecream)areeatenwithaforkifatallpossible,andthespoonyouseebyyourdessertismeanttobeforcoffee(butifyouuseitforyourdessertnoonewillsayanything).SomeBreakfastDishes早餐食谱Breakfastinarestaurantisaveryenjoyableexperience.Ifyouordereggsinarestaurant